| 引用本文: | 张笑培,王和洲,周新国,等.拔节期水氮处理对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(12):19-26. |
| ZHANG Xiaopei,WANG Hezhou,ZHOU Xinguo,et al.拔节期水氮处理对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(12):19-26. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索黄淮地区冬小麦适宜水氮管理模式。【方法】通过田间小区试验，研究了不同灌水量（90 mm (W1)、60 mm (W2)、0 mm (W3)）和施氮量（300 kg/hm2 (N1)、225 kg/hm2 (N2)、150 kg/hm2 (N3)）对冬小麦耗水特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】灌水量从0增加到90 mm，冬小麦耗水量增加了67~106 mm，降水和土壤供水量占耗水量的比例降低；随施氮量增加，冬小麦耗水量和土壤供水占耗水量的比例增加，降水所占比例降低。相同灌水条件下，灌水量和降水量占总耗水量比例随施氮量增加而降低；施氮量从150 kg/hm2增加到300 kg/hm2，土壤贮水量消耗占总耗水量的比例从1.6%~4.9%增加到8.3%~9.9%。拔节期灌水、追施氮肥提高了拔节—开花期、开花—成熟期阶段耗水量和平均日耗水强度；与W3N3处理相比，随灌水和施氮量的增加，拔节—成熟期的耗水量增加了7.4%~63.5%；增加灌水量降低了冬小麦水分利用效率、土壤水利用效率和灌溉水利用效率，提高了降水利用效率。在W1条件下，N1、N2处理的水分利用效率、降水利用效率和灌溉水利用效率分别比N3提高了18.18%~22.98%、24.66%~26.32%和24.68%~26.32%；在W2、W3条件下，水分利用效率、降水利用效率、灌溉水利用效率随施氮量的增加逐渐增加，土壤水利用效率随着施氮量增加逐渐减小。【结论】在试验条件下，综合考虑籽粒产量和水分利用效率，拔节期灌水90 mm、施氮225 kg/hm2和拔节期灌水60 mm、施氮300 kg/hm2为产量和水分利用效率兼优的灌溉施肥组合。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦； 灌水； 氮肥； 水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20180278 |
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| Combined Impact of Irrigation and Nitrogen Application at the Jointing Stage on Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat |
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ZHANG Xiaopei, WANG Hezhou, ZHOU Xinguo, YANG Shenjiao, CHEN Jinping, LIU Anneng
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1. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; 2. National Agro-ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476000, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Water consumption and its use efficiency by crops depend on a variety of biotic and abiotic factors and the purpose of this paper is to experimentally study how they are affected by combined application of water and nitrogen at the jointing stage of winter wheat. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out in a field considering of three irrigation treatments: 90 mm (W1), 60 mm (W2), no irrigation (W3); and three nitrogen applications: 300 kg/hm2 (N1), 225 kg/hm2 (N2) and 150 kg/hm2 (N3). 【Result】 When the amount of irrigation increased from 0 to 90 mm, the overall water consumption increased from 67 mm to 106 mm with the contribution of precipitation and soil water decreasing while of the irrigation increasing. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application reduced the contribution of irrigation and precipitation to water consumption, with the difference compensated from soil water which increased from 1.6%~4.9% to 8.3%~9.9% as the nitrogen fertilizer increased from 150 kg/hm2 to 300 kg/hm2. Irrigation and fertilization at the jointing stage increased water consumption at the joining-maturing stage by 7.4%~63.5%. The overall water use efficiency, soil water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency decreased as the amount of irrigation increased, but increased with nitrogen fertilizer. For example, in W1, the above three water use efficiencies increased by 18.18%~22.98%, 24.66%~26.32% and 24.68%~26.34% respectively as the N fertilizer increased; these also applied to W2 and W3 except soil water whose use efficiency decreased with the increase in fertilizer application. 【Conclusion】 We conclude from our experiment that 90 mm of irrigation together with 225 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilization, or 60 mm of irrigation and 300 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilization at the joining stage is the optimal combination to achieve high yield and in the meantime improve water use efficiency. |
| Key words: winter wheat; water use efficiency; irrigation; nitrogen |
