| 引用本文: | 韩晓宇,万书勤,李晓彬,等.河西走廊辣椒滴灌水盐调控施肥灌溉制度研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(12):35-45. |
| HAN Xiaoyu,WAN Shuqin,LI Xiaobin,et al.河西走廊辣椒滴灌水盐调控施肥灌溉制度研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(12):35-45. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究河西走廊地区辣椒滴灌农业生产水盐调控与施肥灌溉制度。【方法】在甘肃省金昌市八一农场，通过控制滴头正下方20 cm深度处的土壤水基质势下限不低于-20 kPa进行滴灌水盐调控灌溉，设计了5个施肥比例的施肥灌溉处理，分别为农场滴灌条件下基于测土配方施肥的辣椒施肥量的20%、40%、60%、80%与100%，研究了滴灌水盐调控施肥灌溉对辣椒生长、产量和土壤盐分养分垂直剖面分布特征的影响。【结果】经过2 a试验研究得到：①0～100 cm整个土体的盐分基本维持平衡，土壤盐分不增加。②在辣椒生育期内硝态氮主要分布在0～40 cm深的根系分布层，70 cm深度以下硝态氮浓度低且稳定，基本不存在硝态氮的深层渗漏淋失。③辣椒的株高、地上部分鲜质量均随着施肥比例的增加而增加，当施肥比例为100%时辣椒的产量达到最大值，2 a辣椒的平均产量达到26 595.8 kg/hm2。④滴灌高频施肥灌溉有利于提高辣椒的灌溉水利用效率和肥料偏生产力，2 a平均灌溉水利用效率为5.1 kg/m3，肥料偏生产力为30.1 kg/kg，均高于农场管理方法下滴灌辣椒的值。【结论】在河西走廊辣椒滴灌生产中，推荐滴头正下方20 cm深度土壤水基质势阈值控制在-20 kPa以上指导水盐调控灌溉，总施肥量设定为100%测土配方施肥（全生育期N 360 kg/hm2，P2O5 195 kg/hm2，K2O 375 kg/hm2）进行施肥灌溉水肥一体化管理。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌施肥灌溉； 硝态氮； 灌溉水利用效率； 肥料偏生产力； 辣椒； 土壤盐分 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps. 20180106 |
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| A Drip Fertigation Schedule to Manage Soil Water and Salt in Hot Pepper Field in Hexi Corridor |
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HAN Xiaoyu, WAN Shuqin, LI Xiaobin, KANG Yuehu, FENG Zhiwen
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1.Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; 2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3.Inner Mongolia Potato E&T Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Keeping salt in root zone below a threshold is critical to sustaining crop growing and the purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the efficacy of using drip fertigation schedule to manage soil water and salt in hot pepper field in Hexi Corridor.【Method】The field experiment was conducted in Bayi Farm at Jinchang city of Gansu province. In the experiment, the soil matric potential at the depth of 20 cm, just below the drip emitter, was controlled higher than -20 kPa. Five fertilizations were examined, which were 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the recommended fertilizer application to the hot peppers in the farm, calculated based on the measured soil nutrients. For each treatment, we measured the growth, yield of the pepper, as well as the distributions of salt and nutrient in soil profile. 【Result】 The two-year experiments found that: ①Salt content in 0~120 cm soil remained almost unchanged and no soil salinity occurred. ② Inorganic nitrogen mainly stayed in the root zone, 0~40 cm, and was low and stable in subsoil below 70 cm; we did not find nitrogen leaching. ③ Both plant height and above-ground fresh weight of the pepper increased with nitrogen application; the yield peaked when 100% of the recommended fertilizer was applied with the associated two-year average being 26 595.8 kg/hm2. ④Increasing fertigation frequency improved both irrigation water use efficiency and fertilizer productivity, with the two-year average irrigation water use efficiency being 5.1 kg/m3 and partial productivity of fertilizer being 30.1 kg/kg.【Conclusion】Keeping soil matric potential at depth of 20 cm, just below the emitter, above -20 kPa can be used as a guidance to manage soil water and salt to safeguard hot pepper production in Hexi Corridor. The fertilizers application should be 100% of the recommended-consisting of N 360 kg/hm2, P2O5 195 kg/hm2 and K2O 375 kg/hm2. |
| Key words: drip fertigation; inorganic nitrogen concentration; irrigation water use efficiency; fertilizer productivity; hot pepper; soil salt |
