| 引用本文: | 马革新,张 泽,温鹏飞,等.施氮对不同质地滴灌棉田土壤硝态氮分布及棉花产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(3):. |
| MA Gexin,ZHANG Ze,WEN Pengfei,et al.施氮对不同质地滴灌棉田土壤硝态氮分布及棉花产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(3):. |
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| 摘要: |
| 为了探究施氮对不同质地滴灌棉田硝态氮分布及产量的影响，采用温室土柱模拟的方法，研究了滴灌条件下不同质地土壤硝态氮分布迁移特征，分析了施氮对NO3-N和棉花产量的影响。结果表明，在灌水量一定的条件下，在砂土、壤土中施氮量分别为256.00、287.34 kg/hm2时，相应的氮素积累量最大，皮棉产量最高，土壤硝态氮主要集中分布在30~40 cm土层，有利于棉花根系的吸收，且分别比不施氮增产43.87%和44.92%。一定施氮量下，壤土硝态氮分布的均匀性优于砂土，并且根层20~40 cm土层硝态氮量高于砂土，且比砂土平均增产6.16%。砂土、壤土中硝态氮量在各生育期总体呈现“降-增-降”的变化趋势，并且收获前期施纯氮340 kg/hm2处理60 cm土层砂土硝态氮量的第二个峰值较壤土提高15.98%，在生育期末端砂土在深层的氮素积累高于壤土，存在继续向下淋失的风险。 |
| 关键词: 施氮量；硝态氮；产量 |
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| Effect of Soil Texture on the Distribution of Nitrate Nitrogen in the Soil Profile and Its Influence on Drip-irrigated Cotton Production |
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MA Gexin， ZHANG Ze， WEN Pengfei，ZHANG Dongming， LYU Xin
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College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture, Xinjiang Production Group, Shihezi 832003, China
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| Abstract: |
| The methods of column simulation in greenhouse was used to study the effect of soil texture on the distribution of NO3-N in the 0~60 cm soil and cotton yield under drip irrigation. The results showed that when irrigation amounts were the same, N application rates of 256.00 kg/hm2 to sand soil and 287.34 kg/hm2 to loam resulted in the greatest cotton production. Compared with the unfertilized control (CK), these fertilizer amounts increased cotton yield by 43.87% in the sand soil and by 44.92% in the loam. Soil NO3-N was mainly distributed in the 30~40 cm depth under these N application rates. This was conducive to the absorption of N by the cotton root system, thus allowing soil N absorption efficiency to be properly regulated and production to be increased. The results also showed that when fertilizer rates were the same, soil NO3-N was distributed more uniformly in the loam soil than in the sandy soil. Soil NO3-N was mainly distributed in the 20~40 cm soil depth of the loam soil. This improved the N utilization rate and increased cotton yield by an average of 6.16% compared with the sand soil. Soil NO3 -N content in both the sand soil and loam soil changed with the curve of “decrease-increase-decrease” across the growing season. At the second peak, soil NO3-N content in the 60 cm depth with N application rate of 340 kg/hm2 was 15.98% greater in the sand soil than in the loam soil. At the end of the growth period, the sand soil had greater N content than the loam soil and therefore had greater risk for N loss due to leaching. |
| Key words: drip irrigation; nitrogen application; nitrate nitrogen; yield |
