不同滴灌灌水定额对小麦的耗水特性和产量的影响

陈凯丽; 赵经华; 黄红建; 马英杰; 杨 磊

引用本文:	陈凯丽,赵经华,黄红建,等.不同滴灌灌水定额对小麦的耗水特性和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(3):.
	CHEN Kaili,ZHAO Jinghua,HUANG Hongjian,et al.不同滴灌灌水定额对小麦的耗水特性和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(3):.

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不同滴灌灌水定额对小麦的耗水特性和产量的影响
陈凯丽，赵经华，黄红建，马英杰，杨磊
新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院，乌鲁木齐 830052；阿勒泰地区水利管理处，新疆阿勒泰 836500

摘要:

通过大田试验，探究滴灌条件下不同灌水定额的小麦耗水规律。结果表明，各处理间小麦的日均耗水量都呈双峰曲线变化，总耗水量呈先增大后减小的趋势。在灌水相对充足的条件下，耗水强度从小到大依次为完熟期<拔节期<抽穗扬花期<孕穗期<乳熟期<灌浆期。拔节期一定的水分胁迫有益于小麦水分利用效率和单穗粒数的提高，灌浆期的耗水量对最终产量尤为重要。研究表明，T1(225 m3/hm2)、T2(300 m3/hm2)、T3(375 m3/hm2)处理由于耗水量过低造成小麦减产。综合比较T4(450 m3/hm2)、T5(525 m3/hm2)、T6 (600 m3/hm2)处理，T5处理是最有利于节水增产的处理。该试验结果可为北疆地区滴灌小麦探究最优的灌溉制度提供合理的参考依据。

关键词: 滴灌小麦；灌水定额；耗水规律；产量

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Effect of Different Irrigation Quota on Water Consumption Characteristics and Yeld of Wheat

CHEN Kaili， ZHAO Jinghua， HUANG Hongjian， MA Yingjie, YANG Lei

College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Aletai water resources management office, Aletai 836500, China

Abstract:

Through field experiment, the water consumption of wheat under drip irrigation with different irrigation quota was investigated. The results showed that the daily water consumption of wheat presented a Bimodal curve change in different treatments, the total water consumption increased firstly and then decreased. Under relatively sufficient irrigation condition, water consumption intensity from small to large was full ripe stage < jointing stage < heading flowering period < booting stage < milk stage < filling stage.The water stress in jointing stage was beneficial to wheat water use efficiency and grain number per spike. The water consumption of filling stage was very important for final output. Research result indicated that T1 (225 m3/hm2), T2 (300 m3/hm2), T3 (375 m3/hm2) treatment were treated with moderate or severe water stress during wheat growth, and the yield of wheat was reduced with low water consumption. A comprehensive comparison was made among T4 (450 m3/hm2), T5 (525 m3/hm2) and T6 (600 m3/hm2) treatment, T5 treatment was the most favorable treatment of water saving and production increasing. The test results could provide reasonable reference for the optimal irrigation system of drip irrigated wheat in the north Xinjiang.

Key words: drip irrigated wheat; irrigation quota; water consumption law; yield