汾河水库流域非点源污染模拟与研究

张学慧; 徐明德; 柴国平; 郑婷婷; 李 静

引用本文:	张学慧,徐明德,柴国平,等.汾河水库流域非点源污染模拟与研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(4):.
	ZHANG Xuehui,XU Mingde,CHAI Guoping,et al.汾河水库流域非点源污染模拟与研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(4):.

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汾河水库流域非点源污染模拟与研究
张学慧，徐明德，柴国平，郑婷婷，李静
太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院，太原 030024

摘要:

以汾河水库流域为研究对象，采用实测数据对SWAT模型进行参数率定与验证，进而定量估算了该流域2000—2010年径流、泥沙、氮、磷负荷，以揭示流域非点源污染负荷时空分布规律，识别污染关键区。结果表明，模型对研究区具有较好的适用性；丰水年氮、磷负荷量分别为139.34、0.92 kg/hm2，是平水年的1.2、1.5倍，是枯水年的1.3、2.0倍；氮、磷负荷量主要集中在汛期(6—10月)，分别占全年的68.81%、68.53%，非点源污染的时间变化与降雨发生的规律有很高的相关性；有机氮、硝酸氮、有机磷、溶解态磷排放强度分别为0.25~10.00、1~270、0.03~1.50、0.002~0.25 kg/hm2，非点源污染的空间变化因降水分布、地形坡度、土地利用及土壤类型等的差异性呈现较强的区域性分布。岚县、静乐县是非点源N、P污染负荷控制的关键区。

关键词: 汾河水库流域；非点源污染；时空分布

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Simulating Non-point Source Pollution in Fen River Basin

ZHANG Xuehui, XU Mingde, CHAI Guoping, ZHENG Tingting, LI Jing

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

Abstract:

Taking Fen River basin as an example, we calibrated and validated the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model using measured data. We then used it to simulate the runoff, sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus loads from 2000 to 2010 in attempts to understand the spatio-temporal distribution of non-point source pollution and identify the critical polluted regions. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus loads in wet years were 139.34 and 0.92 kg/hm2 respectively, which were 1.2 and 1.5 times the levels in normal years and 1.3 and 2.0 times the level in dry years. The nitrogen and phosphorus loads peaked in the flood season (from June to October), accounting for 68.81% and 68.53% of the annual loads. The temporal change of non-point source pollution depends on rainfall. Discharge rates of organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, organic phosphorus and nitrate phosphorus were 0.25~10.00, 1~270, 0.03~1.50, 0.002~0.25 kg/hm2, respectively. The spatial distribution of the pollutants varied widely, controlled by rainfall, slope, land use and soil types. The critical polluted regions are Lan country and Jingle county with the highest nitrogen and phosphorus loads.

Key words: Fenhe reservoir basin； non-point source pollution； spatial-temporal distribution