| 引用本文: | 岳德成,李青梅,韩菊红,等.覆膜时期对3种地膜在全膜双垄沟播玉米田应用效果的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,,():30-37. |
| YUE Decheng,LI Qingmei,HAN Juhong,et al.覆膜时期对3种地膜在全膜双垄沟播玉米田应用效果的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,,():30-37. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确化学除草地膜、黑色地膜和白色地膜在全膜双垄沟播玉米田的最佳覆膜时期。【方法】采用田间试验的方法，测定了3种地膜在不同时期覆膜的控草、增产、增收效应。【结果】化学除草地膜和黑色地膜在不同时期覆膜，对田间杂草均有理想的控制效果，阔叶杂草株防效和鲜质量防效分别超过85%和95%，禾本科杂草株防效和鲜质量防效分别超过60%和75%；对玉米出苗率、叶绿素相对量等无明显影响；对玉米株高、株高整齐度、产量性状、产量及经济效益均有较明显影响，提前覆膜有利于改善各农艺性状并明显提高玉米产量和经济效益，化学除草地膜和黑色地膜上年秋覆膜较播期覆膜分别增产4.19%和9.85%、分别增收839.51和1 855.31元/hm2。白色地膜在不同时期覆膜，对田间杂草的控制效果均明显低于化学除草地膜和黑色地膜，但推迟至播期覆膜亦可起到较好的控草作用，阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草的鲜质量防效分别达到90.21%和74.70%；对玉米出苗率、果穗粗度无明显影响；对玉米叶绿素相对量有一定的影响，在玉米幼苗期以顶凌期覆膜较高，播期覆膜的次之，在玉米快速生长期则无明显影响；对玉米株高、株高整齐度、双穗率、穗有效长度、穗粒数、百粒质量、产量及经济效益有明显影响，均随覆膜时期的提早而明显降低,上年秋覆膜较播期覆膜减产19.09%、减收3 861.73元/hm2。【结论】在陇东旱塬区杂草严重或较重发生条件下，化学除草地膜和黑色地膜以上年秋季覆膜最佳，顶凌期覆膜次之；白色地膜在土壤墒情较好时应尽量安排在玉米播期覆膜。 |
| 关键词: 全膜双垄沟播玉米田； 地膜种类； 覆膜时期； 除草效果； 玉米产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0333 |
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| Application Effect of Three Kinds of Plastic Film Mulching in Corn Field of Whole-mulching Plastic Films on Double Ridges |
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YUE Decheng, LI Qingmei, HAN Juhong, LIU Jianwei,SHI Guangliang, JIANG Yanjun, HU Guanfang, JIA Chunhong
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Institute of Pingliang Agricultural Sciences, Pingliang 744000, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China； Institute of Plant Protection and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This study aims to determine the best film mulching time of chemical weeding mulching, black plastic film and white plastic film in the corn field of whole-mulching plastic films on double ridges. 【Method】 Based on the field experiments, the effects of three kinds of plastic film on controlling weeds, yield and income were studied. 【Result】 The results showed that the chemical weeding mulching film and black plastic film had an ideal control effect on field weeds in different mulching time. The stem control effect and fresh and heavy effect of broad leaf weeds exceeded more than 85% and 95%, and over topped more than 60% and 75% on Gramineous weeds. Moreover, the chemical weeding mulching and black plastic film had more obvious effects on maize plant height, plant height evenness, yield traits, yield and economic benefits, but it had no effects on maize emergence rate, chlorophyll contentetc. And it also showed that ahead of the mulching time was helpful to improve the agronomic characters, yield and economic benefits of maize. The chemical weeding mulching film and black plastic film mulched in autumn last year increased the yield by 4.19% and 9.85% than that mulched in the sowing date, and the income increased by 839.51 and 1 855.31 yuan/hm2. The controlling effect of the white plastic film on field weeds was significantly lower than chemical weeding mulching and black plastic film in different mulching period, but if postponing the mulching time till sowing, the fresh and heavy effect were 90.21% and 74.70% of Broadleaf weeds and Gramineous weeds. In addition, the white plastic film had some effects on chlorophyll content of maize, the effect was stronger by mulching in the maize seeding stage, followed by the sowing date, but it made no difference in the rapid growth period. And emergence rate and ear roughness were not affected by white plastic film. The plant height, plant height evenness, double spike rate, ear effective length, grain number per spike, 100-seed weight, yield and economic benefits significantly decreased with the early stage of film mulching. The yield and income was reduced by 19.09% and 3 861.73 RMB/hm2, respectively, when mulch in autumnlast year than sowing date. 【Conclusion】 It is suggested that in the case of severe or heavy occurrence of weeds in Longdong arid area, chemical weeding mulching and black plastic mulches in autumn last year have best effects. The white film mulch should be arranged as late as possible when the soil moisture is better corn sowing film. |
| Key words: corn field of whole-mulching plastic films on double ridges; plastic film species; film mulching period; weed control effect; cornyield |
