| 引用本文: | 张 鹏,蒋 静,马娟娟,等.不同水氮处理对盐渍土水氮盐变化和燕麦产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(5):1-5. |
| ZHANG Peng,JIANG Jing,MA Juanjuan,et al.不同水氮处理对盐渍土水氮盐变化和燕麦产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(5):1-5. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 针对内陆干旱冷凉地区盐渍土肥水超量施用问题，以合理调控根区水氮盐环境，保证粮食安全提供为目标，寻找较优的水氮耦合模式。【方法】 试验设置了不同灌水量（充分灌溉W1和非充分灌溉W2）和施氮量（高氮N60，中氮N30和低氮N10）处理，通过燕麦盆栽试验，研究了不同水氮处理对盐渍化土壤水氮盐变化规律和燕麦产量的影响。【结果】 施氮量的增加，导致土壤盐分增加；在盆栽条件下，非充分灌溉能降低生育期内的盐分积累量，并且保证土壤水分在适当的水平，减小生育期的盐分胁迫；节水减氮W2N10处理硝态氮和铵态氮供应保持在相对适宜的水平，硝态氮和铵态氮平均质量分数较充分灌溉W1N10处理分别增加了13.8%和34.2%。【结论】 当施氮量由60 kg/hm2减少到10 kg/hm2时，燕麦干产量不会明显降低，施氮量为30 kg/hm2且灌水量为100~140 mm，可以保证该地区盐渍化土壤种植燕麦获得较高的产量。 |
| 关键词: 燕麦； 硝态氮； 铵态氮； 电导率； 水氮耦合； 产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0214 |
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| Effects of Different Irrigations and Nitrogen Applications on Distribution of Water, Nitrogen and Salt in Saline Soil as Well as the Yield of Oat |
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ZHANG Peng, JIANG Jing, MA Juanjuan, YANG Zhiping, WANG Yongliang
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College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;Institute of Agriculture Environment and Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taiyuan 030031, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030031, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation is an issue facing agricultural production in inland arid temperate regions in China, and the aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the optimal fertigation schedule to control the contents of water, nitrogen and salt in root zone to safeguard oat production in salt-affected soils in these regions. 【Method】 The work was based on pot experiment and considered combinations of two irrigation schedules (sufficient irrigation, W1, and insufficient irrigation, W2) and three nitrogen applications (high, N60, medium, N30, and low, N10). In each treatment, we measured the contents of water, nitrogen and salt in the pots. 【Result】 Increasing nitrogen application led to an increase in soil salinity, and insufficient irrigation could significantly reduce salt accumulation. Insufficient irrigation at mature and seedling stages with high nitrogen application could reduce salt content by 14.3%. When the amount of nitrate and ammonium application was the same and at the high level, insufficient irrigation in treatment W2N10 increased nitrate and ammonium contents in the pots by 13.8% and 34.2% respectively compared with sufficient irrigation in treatment W1N10. We did not find noticeable reduction in dry yield after reducing nitrogen application from 60 kg/hm2 to 10 kg/hm2, and found that a combination of 30 kg/hm2 nitrogen application with 100~140 mm irrigation sustained high yield. 【Conclusion】 Reducing fertilizer application along with insufficient irrigation can safeguard oat production in salt-affected soils without giving rise to soil salinity in temperate regions in China. The results of our pot experiments indicated that the rational fertigation is 10 kg/hm2 of nitrogen and 100~140 mm of irrigation. |
| Key words: oat; nitrate; ammonium; electrical conductivity; water and nitrogen coupling; yield |
