| 引用本文: | 代新俊,夏清,杨珍平,等.播期和深松对冬小麦越冬期土壤水分及籽粒蛋白质量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):51-57. |
| DAI Xinjun,XIA Qing,YANG Zhenping,et al.播期和深松对冬小麦越冬期土壤水分及籽粒蛋白质量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):51-57. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确休闲期深松耕作的蓄水效果及深松下旱地小麦的最佳播种时期，合理安排旱地小麦播种时间。【方法】采用裂区试验的方法，以休闲期是否深松为主处理，9月20日（早播）、10月1日（适期）、10月10日（晚播）3个播种时间为副处理，于2012—2014年在山西省闻喜县邱家岭村旱地小麦试验基地开展连续2 a田间试验，研究了不同年际下休闲期深松和播种时间对旱地小麦越冬期土壤水分和籽粒蛋白质量的影响。【结果】休闲期深松后，2012—2013年和2013—2014年的土壤蓄水量和土壤蓄水效率均显著高于对照（CK）。休闲期深松（SS）模式较CK提高了越冬期0～300 cm的各土层土壤蓄水量，2012—2013年提高了26.90 mm，2013—2014年提高了45.54 mm，休闲期土壤蓄水效率分别提高了39.92%和19.04%，枯水年蓄水效果优于平水年。SS模式下，适期播种越冬期土壤水分和成熟期籽粒蛋白质量及其组分量都高于早播和晚播，早播又高于晚播。随着播期推迟，组分蛋白量和谷醇比显著提高，当播期继续推迟时，组分蛋白量和谷醇比又显著降低。方差分析表明，播期和深松对越冬期土壤蓄水量及成熟期籽粒产量有显著的调控作用，播期和深松对籽粒蛋白质量一定的互作效应。相关分析表明，收获期籽粒蛋白质量及籽粒产量与越冬期深层土壤水分有密切关联。【结论】旱地小麦休闲期深松有利于蓄积降水，改善底墒，增加越冬期各土层蓄水量，10月1日（适期）播种能明显提高小麦越冬期土壤水分和成熟期籽粒蛋白质量及其组分量，提高籽粒产量，是最佳的播种时期。 |
| 关键词: 旱地小麦； 深松； 播期； 土壤水分； 籽粒蛋白质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20170045 |
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| Combined Effect of Sowing Time and Deep Plough on Soil Moisture and Protein Content of Winter Wheat Grain |
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DAI Xinjun， XIA Qing， YANG Zhenping， GAO Zhiqiang， SUN Min
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Collage of Agriculture，Shanxi Agriculture University， Taigu 030801，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to study the change in soil moisture after deep plough during summer fallow and its consequent impact on growth of winter wheat sown at different dates. 【Method】 Experiments with split-plot design were conducted following a deep plough during summer fallow in the Experimental Station at the Village of Qiu Jialing in Wenxi Country, Shanxi Province. We examined three sowing dates: September 20 (earlier sowing), October 1 (suitable sowing) and October 10 (later sowing); the experiment lasted two years from July 2012 to June 2014. 【Result】 Compared to the CK, the deep plough increased both water storage and its efficiency, increasing the 0~300 cm soil water by 26.90 mm in 2012—2013 and 45.54 mm in 2013—2014, which is equivalent to an increased storage efficiency by 39.92% and 19.04% respectively. Deep plough also increased soil moisture in winter and the protein content of grain of the wheat sown on October 1 compared with other two sowing dates. Slightly postponing the sowing date can significantly increase protein compositions and glu/gli, but postponing too much would have an adverse consequence. Variance analysis showed that sowing date and deep plough combined to affect soil water content in winter and the ultimate grain yield. Correlation analysis revealed that subsoil water content in winter was significantly related to yield and protein content of the grain. 【Conclusion】 Deep plough during summer fallow is beneficial to store the precipitation into soil, thereby improving soil moisture. This, along with sowing on October 1, can significantly improve soil water content in winter and yield and protein content of the grains. |
| Key words: dryland wheat; deep plough; sowing date; soil water; grain protein |
