| 引用本文: | 李彦彬,朱亚南,李道西,等.阶段干旱及复水对小麦生长发育、光合和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):76-82. |
| LI Yanbin,ZHU Yanan,LI Daoxi,et al.阶段干旱及复水对小麦生长发育、光合和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):76-82. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同生育阶段和不同程度干旱胁迫及复水对小麦生长发育、光合和产量的影响。【方法】以冬小麦品种“矮抗58”为试验材料，在拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期分别设置轻度干旱（土壤含水率控制在田间持水率的60%～70%）、中度干旱（土壤含水率控制在田间持水率的50%～60%）和重度干旱（土壤含水率控制在田间持水率的40%～50%），和全生育期充分供水（土壤含水率控制在田间持水率的70%～80%，CK）4个水平，对比分析了不同阶段受旱及复水条件下冬小麦的生理生态指标变化过程。【结果】拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期中度和重度水分胁迫对小麦的株高和叶面积的影响达到显著水平，其中拔节期为株高和叶面积的需水敏感期，株高较CK下降了18.6%和 29.0%，叶面积较CK下降了18.2%和 49.5%；水分胁迫处理小麦的净光合速率和气孔导度与CK差异显著，复水后，轻度水分胁迫下小麦的净光合速率和气孔导度与CK无显著差异，中度和重度水分胁迫下小麦的净光合速率和气孔导度与CK之间依然存在显著差异；从复水补偿角度来看，灌浆期小麦的净光合速率和气孔导度比拔节期和抽穗期更难恢复，其中灌浆期为光合作用的需水关键期，气孔导度较CK下降了28.7%、34.0%和 49.4%，净光合速率较CK下降了10.5%、23.2%和 28.0%。中度和重度水分胁迫对小麦的产量的影响达到显著水平；拔节期和抽穗期水分胁迫降低小麦的有效穗数和穗粒数，从而引起产量下降；灌浆期水分胁迫导致小麦千粒质量下降，进而引起产量降低。【结论】在本试验条件下，轻度水分胁迫可实现节水和高产的统一；灌浆期为小麦光合作用需水关键期，合理的加强灌浆期水分管理可实现高产。 |
| 关键词: 小麦； 干旱； 复水； 光合； 产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0555 |
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| Effects of Alternating Drought and Watering on Growth, Photosynthesis and Yield of Wither Wheat |
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LI Yanbin, ZHU Yanan, LI Daoxi, GAO Yang
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1.College of Water Conservancy，North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power， Zhengzhou 450000, China; 2. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of alternating water stress and rehydration on growth, photosynthesis and yield of winter wheat at different growth stages.【Method】 We took the variety of Aikang 58 as the model plant and examined four levels of water stress: slight water stress (60%~70% of field capacity), moderate water stress （50%~60% of field capacity）, severe water stress （40%~50% of field capacity） with each occurring at jointing, or heading or filling stages. The control （CK） was to keep the soil moisture at 70%~80% of field capacity. In each treatment, we measured the physiological and growth characteristics under different drought-watering cycles.【Result】 Moderate and severe water stress occurring at the jointing, heading and filling stage significantly reduced plant height and leaf area, especially at the jointing stage where moderate and severe water stress reduced the plant height by 18.6% and 29.0% and leaf by 18.2% and 49.5%, respectively, compared to the CK. Net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were sensitive to water stress. Watering can restore the reduced net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance after a slight water stress, but not after a moderate or severe drought. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were more difficult to recover after moderate or severe drought occurring at the filling stage than occurring at the jointing or heading stage. Grain filling stage was most water-demanded for photosynthesis, during which slight, moderate and severe drought reduced the stomatal conductance by 28.7%, 34.0% and 49.4%, and the net photosynthetic by 10.5%, 23.2% and 28.0%, respectively, compared to the CK. The yield under moderate and severe water stress differed significantly, and water stress during the jointing and heading period reduced not only panicle number and the number of grains per spike, but also the yield and 1000-grain weight. 【Conclusion】 A slight water stress can save water without compromising yield. The grain filling stage is the key period for wheat photosynthesis and keeping sufficient water at this stage is critical to achieve high yield. |
| Key words: wheat; drought; re-watering; photosynthesis; yield |
