| 摘要: |
| 土壤养分是土壤供给植物生长的基础，土壤酶和微生物量是土壤养分转化的动力。【目的】了解贵州不同茶区茶园土壤酶及微生物量及其与土壤养分的相关性，进而合理指导茶园施肥。【方法】2016年11—12月采集贵州不同茶区典型茶园枯枝落叶层、0～20 cm和20～40 cm土壤样品，运用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对土壤养分、微生物量及土壤酶进行了评价分析。【结果】土壤CEC、有机质、可溶性有机碳、全氮等土壤养分指标及酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、微生物量碳（SMBC）、微生物量磷（SMBP）等生物学指标均随土层深度增加而不断降低，地区之间差异明显，普安、纳雍、西秀茶区高于贵定、湄潭、石阡茶区。土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、SMBC、SMBP之间极显著正相关，且与土壤CEC、有机质、可溶性有机碳、全氮、可溶性有机氮、氨氮等土壤养分指标极显著正相关，可作为评价茶园土壤肥力的重要生物学指标。主成分分析表明，20个土壤肥力指标可提取出4个主成分，第1和第2主成分累积贡献率达70.6%，第1主成分以CEC、有机质、可溶性有机碳、全氮、可溶性有机氮、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、SMBC、SMBP、SMBC/CMBN贡献较大，第2主成分以pH值、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等贡献较大；聚类分析将贵州不同茶区12个茶园土壤养分分为6个等级，纳雍和普安茶区最高，西秀茶区其次，湄潭、贵定、石阡茶区最低。【结论】土壤酶和微生物量可作为评价贵州茶园土壤养分的重要生物学指标，纳雍、普安、西秀茶区土壤肥力水平高于湄潭、贵定、石阡茶区，贵州茶园应注意氮磷钾肥平衡施用，贵定、湄潭和石阡等有机质较低的茶区还应重视有机肥施用。 |
| 关键词: 土壤养分； 土壤微生物量； 主成分分析； 聚类分析 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0467 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Assessing Soil Nutrient and Microbial Biomass in Tea Plantation Regions of Guizhou Province |
|
LI Yu, LIU Yanling, HUANG Xingcheng, ZHANG Yarong, ZHOU Guolan, ZHOU Fuyu, JIANG Taiming
|
|
1. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; 2. Institute of Tea Research, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; 3. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment (Guizhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang 550006, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Crop growth relies on nutrients while nutrient transformation in soil is modulated by soil enzymatic and microbial activities. The purpose of this paper is to unravel the link between soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass in tea gardens in attempts to improve fertilizer use efficiency. 【Method】 Soil samples were taken from 0~20 cm, 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm between November and December in 2016 from areas planted with tea in Guizhou Province. For each example, we measured its soil nutrient indicators including cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN)， soil enzymes including acid phosphatase and urease， and microbial biomass phosphorous (SMBP). 【Result】 All soil nutrient indicators, soil enzymes and microbial biomass decreased with soil depth. All nutritious and microbial properties varied spatially, with their contents in Puan, Nayong and Xixiu higher than that in Guiding, Meitam and Shiqian. Soil acid phosphatase, urease, SMBC and SMBP were significantly positively correlated between themselves, as well as to CEC, OM, DOC, TN, DON, NH4-N. These could be used as biological indicators to evaluate soil fertility. Principal component analysis showed that four principal components were extracted from the initial 20 soil fertility indices; the primary and secondary principal group of the components reflected 70.6% of the original information. Within the primary group of the principal components, CEC, OM, DOC, TN, DON, acid phosphatase, urease, SMBC, SMBP and SMBC/SMBN were the major contributors, while within the secondary group of the principal components, TP, AN, AP, AK and pH contributed more. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that soil nutrients in 12 soil samples taken from different areas can be divided into 6 grades: Nayong and Puan were the highest, followed by Xixiu, Meitan, Shiqian, Guiding. 【Conclusion】 Soil enzymes and microbial biomass can be used as biological indices to evaluate soil nutrients in tea gardens in Guizhou provinces. The soil fertility level at Nayong, Puan, Xixiu is higher than that at Meitan, Guiding, Shiqian. Application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in tea gardens of Guizhou should be balanced, and more organic fertilizer should be added to increased soil organic matter in areas including Guiding, Meitan and Shiqian. |
| Key words: tea garden; soil nutrient; soil microbial biomass; principal component analysis; hierarchical cluster analysis |
