林芝市农业面源污染排放特征解析

郝守宁; 白庆芹; 张志伟; 董飞

引用本文:	郝守宁,白庆芹,张志伟,等.林芝市农业面源污染排放特征解析[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):115-120.
	HAO Shouning,BAI Qingqin,ZHANG Zhiwei,et al.林芝市农业面源污染排放特征解析[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):115-120.

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林芝市农业面源污染排放特征解析
郝守宁，白庆芹，张志伟，董飞
1.西藏农牧学院，西藏林芝860000； 2.中国水利水电科学研究院，北京100038

摘要:

【目的】揭示林芝市农业面源污染分布特征，探明其主要污染源和重点污染区。【方法】以林芝市7县为研究区域，以总氮(TN)、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）等3类污染物为研究对象，针对农村生活、农田化肥、畜禽养殖等主要污染源，采用输出系数模型估算了该地区的农业面源污染负荷。【结果】 2014年林芝市农业面源污染物COD、TN、TP负荷量分别为72 053.57、4 864.50、765.56 t；高污染负荷区集中在工布江达县、波密县和米林县；不同的污染源类型对面源污染负荷贡献率的大小顺序为：畜禽养殖、农田化肥、农村生活。【结论】畜禽养殖是林芝市的主要污染源；工布江达县和米林县是该地区面源污染的重点防控区域。

关键词: 农业面源污染；污染负荷；输出系数；林芝

DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2017.0349

分类号:

基金项目:

Analysis of the Pollutants Discharged from Nonpoint Agricultural Pollution Sources in Nyingchi

HAO Shouning, BAI Qingqin, ZHANG Zhiwei , DONG Fei

1.Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi 860000, China; 2.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China

Abstract:

【Objective】 Environment contamination caused by nonpoint agricultural pollution sources has become a concern and this paper aims to analyse the distribution of contaminants emanating from nonpoint pollution sources in agricultural production, as well as the heavily polluted area in Nyingchi.【Method】 The pollution loads from agricultural nonpoint pollution sources in seven counties in Nyingchi were estimated using the export coefficient model with total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) produced from domestic disposal, fertilizer application and livestock production as the targeted pollutants.【Result】 The COD, TN and TP loads were 72 053.57 t, 4 864.50 t and 765.56 t, respectively, in 2014. The areas with high pollution load included Gongbujiangda, Bom and Milin counties, and the contribution of each sector to the pollution load was ranked in livestock>farmland fertilizer> domestic disposal. 【Conclusion】 The livestock production is the key pollution source in Nyingchi. Gongbo'gyamda and Mainling County are the main controlling areas of nonpoint source pollution.

Key words: agricultural nonpoint source pollution; pollution load; export coefficient; Nyingchi