| 摘要: |
| 【目的】了解新疆绿洲棉田土壤质量状况。【方法】采集新疆主要棉区1 355个土壤样品，测定其pH值、含盐量、黏粒量、土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效硫、有效铜、有效锌、土壤重金属全量铬、铜、锌、砷、铅、重金属有效铬、有效砷、有效铅、氟乐灵残留量、二甲戊乐灵残留量以及农膜残留量共21项指标，采用模糊综合评价法（FCE）、基于内梅罗综合污染指数的加权综合污染指数法（N-PI）及土壤综合质量指数评价方法（SQI）分别对绿洲棉田土壤质量进行了综合评价，并对其评价结果进行了比较分析。【结果】新疆绿洲棉田土壤呈碱性，含盐量均值为3.44 g/kg，为轻度盐化土壤，有机质和全氮均偏低，速效磷、速效钾、有效硫及微量元素有效锌、有效铜较为丰富；Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb 等5种重金属均未超过国家二级标准，但与新疆土壤元素背景值作比较均有累积现象；棉田土壤中重金属有效态Cr、As、Pb、氟乐灵残留及二甲戊乐灵残留量均在适宜范围内，农膜残留量均值为190.98 kg/hm2，农膜污染较为严重。利用FCE法对土壤进行评价，发现绿洲棉田土壤平均质量低； N-PI法对土壤进行综合评价，表明大部分棉田土壤已受轻度污染；利用SQI法进行评价，发现土壤质量综合指标值SQI介于0.31～0.73之间，绿洲棉田土壤综合质量总体中等偏低。不同评价方法得出的评价结果有差异，在本研究中SQI法为最优的评价方法，其评价结果更为客观、科学，符合新疆绿洲棉田土壤质量的实际状况。【结论】新疆棉区土壤质量总体较差，采用通用的评价方法对其进行综合评价，SQI评价法最合理，FCE和N-PI评价法次之。 |
| 关键词: 棉田； 土壤质量； 农膜； 评价； 比较 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20180004 |
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| Evaluating Soil Quality of the Cotton Fields in Oasis of Xinjiang Using Different Methods |
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ZHENG Qi, WANG Haijiang, DONG Tianyu, LYU Xin, John A Yunger, RAN Ding, DAI Diwei
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1.College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; 2.Biology Department, Governors State University, Chicago 60466, USA
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to compare different methods for evaluating soil quality of the cotton field in Xinjiang.【Method】We collected 1 355 soil samples from different cotton fields in Xinjiang and measured their pH, salinity, clay particle, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available sulfur, available copper, available zinc, soil heavy metals (total amount of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Pb), bioavailability of heavy metals (Cr, As, Pb ), Trifluralin , Pendimethalin and plastic film residue. We then analyzed the quality of all soil samples using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCE), the internal ROM and weighted comprehensive pollution index method (N-PI), and the integrated soil quality index evaluation method (SQI), respectively. 【Result】The soils in the cotton fields were alkaline and moderately saline, with an average pH of 7.870 and an average salinity of 3.440 g/kg. Organic matter and total nitrogen in all soils were generally low, whereas the available phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, zinc and copper were relatively high. The contents of Cr, Cu, Zn, As and Pb were within the national standard, but there has been an accumulation in Cr, Cu and Zn in all soil samples. The available Cr, As and Pb, as well as Trifluralin residues and Pendimethalin were within the national standard range. Plastic film pollution was a serious concern, with the average residual amount of the film reaching 190.980 kg/hm2. The FCE evaluated the soil quality to be low, and the N-PI method revealed most soils had been moderately polluted. The comprehensive index value of the soil quality was between 0.310 and 0.730, and the comprehensive quality of the soils was generally low. Different evaluation methods could give different results. In this study, SQI appeared to be the most suitable method as it was more objective, scientific and in line with actual soil quality of the cotton fields in Oasis of Xinjiang.【Conclusion】Soil quality in Xinjiang cotton fields is poor. Among all methods used to evaluate the soil quality, the SQI method is the most reasonable, followed by FCE and N-PI method. |
| Key words: cotton field; soil quality; plastic film; evaluation; comparison |
