| 摘要: |
| 【目的】机插稻具有秧龄小、缓苗期长和植伤重等特点，探讨江汉平原地区适雨灌溉条件下不同施肥模式对机插稻稻田水环境及水稻生长影响，可为当地机插稻水肥管理措施的改善提供理论和数据支撑。【方法】采用田间小区试验，研究了适雨灌溉条件下，农民习惯施肥（FFP）、70%控释掺混肥+30%尿素（70%CRF+30%N）和有机无机复混肥（OIF）对稻田降雨利用率、田面水氮磷浓度的动态变化与径流流失量、干物质积累及水稻产量的影响。【结果】适雨灌溉下，返青期、分蘖期、拔节孕穗期和灌浆成熟期的降雨利用率分别为17.5%、100%、100%和84.2%；基肥和分蘖肥施用过后，FFP、70%CRF+30%N和OIF处理田面水TN、NH4+-N和TP浓度迅速提高，在第1 d就达到峰值，水稻移栽后30 d内70%CRF+30%N处理田面水TN、NH4+-N和TP的平均浓度较FFP处理分别降低40.4%、47.4%和0.5%；稻田氮磷径流流失量的90%左右在返青期，10%左右在灌浆成熟期，70%CRF+30%N处理TN、NH4+-N和TP径流损失量较FFP处理分别降低31.4%、30.9%、1.9%；70%CRF+30%N处理在返青期干物质积累量显著低于FFP和OIF处理，移栽－返青期阶段干物质积累量占总积累量比例表现为FFP＞OIF＞70%CRF+30%N，成熟期OIF处理干物质积累量显著高于70%CRF+30%N和FFP处理，其实际产量表现为OIF＞70%CRF+30%N＞FFP。【结论】适雨灌溉条件下，70%CRF+30%N处理有助于减少稻田氮素流失，OIF处理有助于机插稻干物质积累与产量的增加。 |
| 关键词: 机插稻；适雨灌溉；施肥模式；氮磷流失；干物质积累；产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S511；S275 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0800500)；湖北省科技支撑计划项目(2014BCB038)资助。 |
|
| Effects of Different Fertilization Models on Paddy Water Environment and Yield in Machine-transplanted Rice under irrigation adjusted by rainfall |
|
yanjun1, zhujianqiang2
|
|
1.Xinyang Experimental Station of Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Coastal Areas;2.Yangtze University
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objectives】Machine-transplanting rice has the characteristics of small seedling age, long seedling stage and heavy plant injury, etc., in order to explore the effects of different fertilization modes on paddy water environment of machine-transplanting rice and rice growth under rainfall adaption irrigation , which can provide theoretical and data support for the improvement of water and fertilizer management measures of machine-transplanting rice in Jianghan Plain.【Methods】The field plot experiment were carried out to study the effects of farmers' fertilization practice (FFP), 70% controlled release compound fertilizer+30% urea,(70%CRF+30%N), Organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer(OIF)on rainfall utilization rate, dynamic changes of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in surface water, runoff loss, dry matter accumulation and rice yield under rainfall adaption irrigation.【Results】i) Rainfall utilization efficiency at green-turning stage, tillering stage, jointing booting stage and filling maturity stage were 17.5%, 100%, 100% and 84.2% respectively under rainfall adaption irrigation. ii) After application of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer, the concentrations of TN, NH4 +N and TP increased rapidly in surface water of FFP, 70% CRF+30% N and OIF treatments, reaching the peak value on the first day, the average concentrations of TN, NH4 +N and TP in surface water with 70% CRF + 30% N decreased by 40.4%, 47.4% and 0.5% respectively within 30 days after rice transplantation compared with FFP treatment; iii) About 90% of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in paddy field was in the re-greening stage, about 10% was in from grouting to ripe period, and the runoff loss of TN, NH4 +N and TP was 31.4%, 30.9% and 1.9% lower in 70% CRF+30% N than in FFP; iiii) The dry matter accumulation of 70% CRF + 30% N treatment was significantly lower than in FFP and OIF treatment at the, the proportion of dry matter accumulation in total accumulation was FFP > OIF > 70% CRF + 30% N at from the transplant stage to re-greening stage, the dry matter accumulation of OIF treatment at the mature stage was significantly higher than in 70% CRF + 30% N and FFP treatment, the actual yield was OIF > 70% CRF + 30% N > FFP.【Conclusions】Under the condition of rainfall adaption irrigation, 70% CRF+30% N was helpful to decrease nitrogen runoff loss in paddy, OIF was contributive to increase dry matter accumulation and yield of machine-transplanting rice。 |
| Key words: machine-transplanting rice; rainfall adaption irrigation; fertilization mode; nitrogen and phosphorus loss; dry matter accumulation; yield; |
