| 引用本文: | 闫泽宇,史海滨,杨树青,等.呼伦贝尔地区喷灌对大豆生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(5):19-25. |
| YAN Zeyu,SHI Haibin,YANG Shuqing,et al.呼伦贝尔地区喷灌对大豆生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(5):19-25. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】优化呼伦贝尔地区灌溉管理制度。【方法】针对呼伦贝尔大豆喷灌补灌技术，以“新密荚王738”为供试品种，采用喷灌，设75 mm（P1）、85 mm（P2）、95 mm（P3）、105 mm（P4）4个灌水量处理，并设置1个无灌溉对照处理（CK），测定了不同时期的生物质量、产量、产量构成因子，分析了不同水平下生育期各阶段的耗水规律和水分利用效率。【结果】不同生育期灌水均能促进植物株高和叶面积的生长，株高较CK增加了3.8%~14.1%，叶面积指数较CK增加了2.4%~16.7%，结荚期是株高和叶面积指数的需水敏感期。与CK相比，灌水各处理百粒质量和荚粒数明显增加，单株荚数显著增加。与CK相比，P2处理荚数、百粒质量分别提高了37.2%、11.1%，P4处理荚数、百粒质量分别提高了21.9%、6.6%。P1、P2、P3和P4处理产量分别增加了9.9%、21.9%、20.8%和16.9%。全生育期大豆耗水量在326.7~435.8 mm之间，且随着灌水量的增加，大豆总耗水量显著增加，P1、P2、P3、P4处理分别比CK增加了17.7%、19.9%、26.5%、33.4%。不同生育阶段大豆耗水量不同，结荚期与鼓粒期为主要耗水阶段，共占总耗水量的48.6%以上。生育期日耗水强度均值表现为结荚期>鼓粒期>开花期>成熟期>分枝期>苗期。P1、P2、P3、P4处理WUE均分别比CK提高了17.4%、27.5%、20.3%和10.1%。【结论】本试验条件下，不同灌水量对耗水量和水分利用效率影响比较明显，P2处理在各方面表现均最好，可以达到节水与高产的目标。 |
| 关键词: 喷灌； 大豆； 耗水量； 产量； 水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20180556 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| The Use of Sprinkler Irrigation Water by Soybean and Its Consequence for Plant Growth in the Regions of Hulunbeier |
|
YAN Zeyu, SHI Haibin, YANG Shuqing, WANG Zuokui, WANG Meirong
|
|
1.College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; 2. Arong Qi Water Authority, Hulun Buir 162750, China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Designing irrigation schedule needs to consider irrigation water use efficiency. In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study on use of sprinkler irrigation water by soybean and the consequence for its growth.【Method】The experiment was conducted at Hulunbeier and the variety of “Xinmi Pod King 738” Glycine max (Linn.) Merr was used as the model plant. We considered four irrigation amounts: 75mm (P1), 85 mm (P2), 95 mm (P3) and 105 mm (P4), with no irrigation as the control (CK). In each treatment, we measured the biomass, yield and yield components, as well as water consumption and water use efficiency of the crop in different growing stages.【Result】 Irrigation promoted plant growth and leaf area, which were sensitive to water stress during pod-forming stage. Compared to CK, irrigation increased plant height by 3.8%～14.1% and leaf area index by 2.4%～16.7%; and it also increased 100-grain weight and the number of pods per plant. In particular, P2 increased the number of pods per plant and 100-grain by 37.2% and 11.1% respectively, and P4 increased by 21.9% and 6.6%, respectively, compared to CK. P1, P2, P3 and P4 increased yield by 9.9%, 21.9%, 20.8% and 16.9% respectively, compared to CK. The water consumption by crop in the whole growing season was between 326.7 and 435.8 mm, increasing with irrigation amount. The water consumption varied during growing stage, with pod-forming and drum-grain stages consuming more water than other stages, accounting for more than 48.6% of overall water usage. The average daily water consumption during different stages was ranked in podding stage > filling stage > flowering stage > maturity stage > branching stage > seedling stage. WUE of P1-P4 increased by 17.4%, 27.5%, 20.3% and 10.1% respectively, compared to that of CK. 【Conclusion】The effect of irrigation amount on water consumption and water use efficiency was manifest in our experiment, with P2 most efficient in all aspects, which can saved water and improved yield. |
| Key words: sprinkler irrigation; Glycine max (Linn.) Merr; water consumption; yield; water use efficiency |
