| 引用本文: | 许怡,吴永祥,王高旭,等.小区和田块尺度下水稻不同灌溉模式的节水减污效应分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(5):60-66. |
| XU Yi,WU Yongxiang,WANG Gaoxu,et al.小区和田块尺度下水稻不同灌溉模式的节水减污效应分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(5):60-66. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究平原河网区不同尺度下水稻不同灌溉模式的节水和减污效应。【方法】于2017年在浙江平湖灌溉试验站选取水稻常规灌溉、节水灌溉、蓄雨节水灌溉3种模式在试验小区和田块2种尺度下开展对比试验，记录田间水量平衡过程并检测排水和渗漏水样中的TN、TP、NH4+-N、NO3--N的质量浓度变化。【结果】无论试验小区还是田块尺度，蓄雨节水灌溉的节水效果最好，较常规灌溉和节水灌溉减少了43.4%~87.7%的灌溉量，同时减污效果也最明显，TN排水负荷减少了22%~90%。不同尺度对比中，试验小区的田间管理水平更高，产量略高于田块尺度；小区田间水分控制更精确，灌排次数和水量较田块更多，蒸发蒸腾量和渗漏量则略少于田块。在减污效果上，单位面积下同种灌溉模式的田块的排水污染物负荷比试验小区低37%~57%，渗漏负荷比试验小区高4%~61%，由于排水污染物负荷要远大于渗漏污染物负荷，在总的污染物负荷上田块要小于小区。【结论】本试验中蓄雨节水灌溉模式取得了较好的节水减污效果，但是要注意蓄雨时间和高度，长时间的淹水可能会对水稻产量造成不利影响。 |
| 关键词: 灌溉； 尺度； 节水效应； 减污效应 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20180628 |
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| Impact of Irrigation Methods on Saving Water and Alleviating Pollutant at Different Scales in Paddy Field |
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XU Yi， WU Yongxiang， WANG Gaoxu， XU Rongrong， GUO Ting
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1.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering， Nanjing 210098, China；2.Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute， Nanjing 210029, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Soil water modulates root uptake of water and pollutant dynamics in soil. This paper presents a experimental study on the impact of irrigation methods on water saving and pollution attenuation at different scales in a rice field. 【Method】The experiment was conducted in 2017 at Pinghu in Zhejiang Province. We compared three irrigation methods: traditional irrigation, water-saving irrigation and rain-storage irrigation. In each treatment, we measure water flow and concentration of TN, TP, NH+4-N and NO-3-N in drainage water and leaching water.【Result】 Rain-storage irrigation was most efficient in saving water and ameliorating pollution, and compared to other irrigation methods, it reduced water usage by 43.4%~87.7% and TN load in drainage water by 22%~90%. The rice yield at plot scale was slightly higher than that at field scale due to its improved management. When the irrigation amount was the same, the pollutant load in the drainage system at field scale was 37%~57% lower than that at plot scale, while its load in the leaching water was 4%~61% higher than at plot scale.【Conclusion】 The rain-storage irrigation method was most efficient in better use of water and ameliorating pollution, but care needs to be taken in choosing the timing and height of rain storage in the field, as prolonged flooding could have detrimental impact on the rice yield. |
| Key words: irrigation; scale; water-saving effect; pollution-reducing effect |
