| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨深松条件下灌溉频次对棉花水分利用效率及产量的影响。【方法】2016—2017年，在深松后相同灌溉量下，设置3个灌溉周期为4、7、10 d，对应灌溉次数为17、10、7次，分别以D4、D7、D10表示，研究了灌溉期土壤水分、干物质积累、耗水量、水分利用效率（WUE）及产量的变化特征。【结果】深松条件下，适中的灌溉频次（D7）显著增加了0~20 cm土壤含水率，促进棉花干物质向蕾铃器官分配，提高WUE，2016年和2017年D7处理比D4、D10处理分别提高15.5%、16.5%和10.5%、9.2%。而过高（D4）或过低（D10）的灌溉频次降低了土壤含水率，高频灌溉促进了棉花营养生长，但向蕾铃器官分配比例降低，而低频灌溉干物质积累总量显著降低，土壤贮水减少量和总耗水量显著增加。过高或过低的灌溉频次均导致产量降低，D7处理的籽棉产量比D4、D10处理在2016年提高13.8%、17.3%，2017年提高7.0%、6.1%，而产量提高的主要原因是单株铃数和单铃质量的增加。【结论】深松后灌溉频次应以1次/7 d，可有效促进棉花营养与生殖器官干物质协调增长，提高生殖器官干物质分配比例，有利于棉花产量及水分利用效率的协同提高。 |
| 关键词: 深松； 灌溉频次； 水分利用效率； 产量； 棉花 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20180711 |
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| Effect of Irrigation Frequency on Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Cotton after Loosening the Deep Soil |
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GUO Rensong, CHEN Ping, CHENG Qiang, LIN Tao, WANG Liang, ZHENG Zipiao, XU Haijiang, TIAN Liwen, CUI Jianping
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1.Research Institute of Economic Crops/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiological Ecology and Tillage of Desert Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; 2. Awati County Meteorological Administration, Await 843200, China)
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 The objective of this paper is to experimentally investigate the responsive change in yield and water use efficiency of cotton to irrigation frequency after soil loosening. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2017 after deeply loosening soil. By keeping the irrigation amount the same, we compared three irrigation frequencies: Irrigating once in each 4 day (D4), 7 days (D7) and 10 days (D10) respectively. The associated irrigation times were 17, 10 and 7 respectively. In each treatment, we measured soil moisture, dry matter accumulation, water consumption, water use efficiency and the yield of the crop. 【Result】 After deep loosening, keeping irrigation frequency at a moderate level (D7) significantly enhanced water-holding capacity of the 0~20 cm soil, thereby facilitating distribution of dry matter to different organs in the bud and boll and consequently improving the water use efficiency (WUE). Compared to D4 and D10, D7 increased WUE by 15.5% and 10.5% in 2016 and 16.5% and 9.2% in 2017, respectively. Increasing irrigation frequency promoted vegetative growth and reduced distribution of the dry matter to organs in the bud and boll. In contrast, reducing irrigation frequency reduced the accumulation of total dry matter, storage of water in the top soil and water consumption. Compared to D4 and D10, D7 increased the yield by 13.8% and 7.0% in 2016, and 17.3% and 6.1% in 2017. The main mechanism underlying in yield increase in D7 was the increase in boll number and average weight of the bolls in each plant.【Conclusion】 Irrigating once after each 7 days, together with deep soil loosening, can effectively promote vegetative growth and organ production from dry matter, thereby facilitating the conversion of dry matter to organs and improving cotton yield and its water use efficiency. |
| Key words: deep plough; irrigation frequency; water use efficiency; yield; cotton |
