| 引用本文: | 孙瑞峰,马娟娟,孙西欢,等.果园蓄水坑灌条件下不同施肥方案对坑壁土壤氨挥发的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(7):52-59. |
| ,et al.果园蓄水坑灌条件下不同施肥方案对坑壁土壤氨挥发的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(7):52-59. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨果园蓄水坑灌条件下蓄水坑壁土壤氨挥发损失规律及影响因素。【方法】试验以追肥量（600、300、0 kg/hm2）和追肥时期（花后、果实膨大期、花后及果实膨大期平均追肥）为变量，设置7个处理。采用磷酸甘油-通气法收集坑壁土壤氨挥发并分析其与铵态氮、硝态氮、土壤温度、空气温度和湿度的关系。【结果】蓄水坑灌水肥灌施后氨挥发速率随追肥量增加而增加，花后期追肥后氨挥发持续时间长，峰值出现在肥后第3~5天，为52.93~576.80 mg/（m2·d）；果实膨大期追肥后氨挥发持续时间短，峰值出现在肥后第2天，为81.11~1 047.79 mg/（m2·d）。花后期一次性追肥氨挥发累积量（以N计算）为3 332.88~7 052.01 mg，果实膨大期一次性追肥氨挥发累积量为2 178.14~5 126.97 mg，比花后期一次性追肥降低27.30%~34.65%。2次追肥期平均追肥氨挥发累积量最小，为2 013.21~4 642.11 mg，比花后期一次性追肥降低34.17%~39.60%。蓄水坑壁氨挥发损失率为0.57%~1.4%，其中花后期一次性追肥氨挥发损失率最大，果实膨大期一次性追肥次之，平均追施最小。氨挥发速率与土壤铵态氮量和空气温度显著正相关（P<0.05），土壤温度和硝态氮通过铵态氮浓度影响氨挥发，较高的空气湿度和施肥后降雨会降低氨挥发速率。Elovich动力学方程可以较好地描述蓄水坑壁氨挥发累积量动态变化过程，氨挥发速率常数a与追氮量显著正相关，与土壤温度显著负相关。【结论】降低追肥量、分次追施能减少坑壁土壤的氨挥发损失，基于蓄水坑灌法在果园进行水肥灌施具有较好的减排保肥效果。 |
| 关键词: 蓄水坑灌； 氨挥发； 铵态氮； 温度； 苹果树 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.20180706 |
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| Ammonia Volatilization from Pit Wall under Different N top-addressing from Water Storage Irrigation Pit in Apple Orchard |
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SUN Ruifeng, MA Juanjuan, SUN Xihuan, GUO Xianghong, GAO Juan, ZHANG Rentian, MA Li, LI Siyi
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1. College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;2. Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030600, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Water storage pit is a common technology to bank precipitation for irrigation in arid region. In this paper, we studied ammonia volatilization from the wall of the pits under different N top-addressing in an apple orchard. 【Method】 We compared seven nitrogen top-addressing in the experiment: topdressing 600, 300 and 0 kg/hm2 at anthesis stage and fruit enlargement stage respectively. The ammonia volatilization from the wall of the water storage pit was measured using glycerophosphate-ventilation. We analyzed the dependence of ammonia volatilization on soil ammonium, soil nitrate, soil temperature, air temperature and humidity respectively. 【Result】 Ammonia volatilization increased with the topdressing amount after irrigation and fertilization. Top-addressing after anthesis stage could prolong ammonia volatilization for a significant period with a peak within 52.93 to 576.80 mg/(m2·d) occurring 3-5 days after the top-addressing. Top-addressing during fruit enlargement stage resulted in a short period of ammonia volatilization with a peak within 81.11 to 1 047.79 mg/(m2·d) occurring two day after the top-dressing. The accumulated ammonia volatilization (calculated by N) after one-off topdressing after anthesis stage and fruit expansion stage was 3 332.88~7 052.01 mg and 2 178.14~5 126.97 mg respectively. Compared to one-off topdressing, two top-addressing reduced ammonia volatilization to 2 013.21~4 642.11 mg, 34.17%~39.60% lower than that under one-off topdressing after the anthesis stage. Ammonia volatilization from the water storage pit wall accounted for 0.57%~1.40% of nitrogen loss, being the highest under one-off topdressing at anthesis stage followed by one-off topdressing at fruit expansion stage. Ammonia volatilization was positively correlated with soil ammonium and air temperature (P<0.05). Soil temperature and nitrate also played a role in ammonia volatilization. Rise in air humidity and rainfall after fertilization can reduce ammonia volatilization, and the dynamical change in accumulated ammonia volatilization can be well described by the Elovich dynamic equation, in which the rate constant parameter was positively correlated to the amount of top-addressing nitrogen and negatively correlated to soil temperature, both at significant level. 【Conclusion】 Ammonia volatilization from water storage pit wall can be controlled by managing the amount of fertilizer application and time at which the fertilizer was applied. Our results suggested that reducing the top-addressing amounts and top-addressing twice can effectively reduce nitrogen loss via ammonia volatilization. |
| Key words: water storage pit irrigation; ammonia volatilization; ammonium nitrogen; soil temperature; orchard |
