| 引用本文: | 雷宏军,肖哲元,张振华,等.水肥气耦合滴灌提高温室番茄土壤通气性和水氮利用[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LEI Hongjun,XIAO Zheyuan,ZHANG Zhenhua,et al.水肥气耦合滴灌提高温室番茄土壤通气性和水氮利用[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索温室作物水肥气耦合滴灌下掺气量、灌水量和施氮量适宜组合方案，为提高水氮利用效率提供理论依据。【方法】设置施氮量（低氮和常氮）、掺气量（常规滴灌和曝气滴灌）和灌水量（低水量和高水量）3因素2水平随机区组试验，以地下滴灌为供水方式，通过系统监测土壤水分饱和度、氧气扩散速率（ODR）、氧化还原电位（Eh）、矿质氮含量及作物水氮利用等指标，研究水肥气耦合滴灌对温室番茄土壤通气性及水氮利用的影响。【结果】与常规滴灌相比，高水量条件下曝气处理的土壤水分饱和度有所降低，ODR和Eh有显著提高。灌水量、施氮量和掺气量影响土壤矿质氮含量，曝气滴灌下土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量较常规滴灌平均降低21.4%和15.5%（P<0.05），高水量处理土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量较低水量处理平均降低22.7%和14.7%（P<0.05），常氮处理土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量较低氮处理平均增加29.0%和17.8%（P<0.05）。高水量和常氮条件下番茄灌溉水利用效率较低水量、低氮处理平均降低6.7%和增加40.9%（P<0.05），高水量和常氮条件下番茄氮素吸收利用效率较低水量、低氮处理平均增加13.6%和12.7%（P<0.05），曝气滴灌下番茄灌溉水利用效率和氮素吸收利用效率较常规滴灌平均增加22.9%和12.4%（P<0.05）。【结论】水肥气耦合滴灌可有效改善土壤通气性，提高水氮利用效率，促进番茄生长，实现作物增产。本试验中，常氮曝气高水量处理是温室番茄适宜的水肥气组合方案。 |
| 关键词: 温室番茄；土壤通气性；水肥气耦合滴灌；灌溉水分利用效率；氮素吸收利用效率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.6 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Water-fertilizer-gas coupled drip irrigation promotes soil aeration, water and nitrogen utilization of greenhouse tomato |
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LEI Hongjun1, XIAO Zheyuan1, ZHANG Zhenhua2, YANG Hongguang1, LIU Xin1, PAN Hongwei1
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1.School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power;2.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Ludong University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Research on the optimal combination of aeration volume, irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate under greenhouse tomato cropping can provide theoretical basis for improving water and nitrogen utilization efficiency for water-fertilizer-gas coupled drip irrigation. 【Method】A two-level randomized block experiment was conducted with three factors, nitrogen application rate (135 and 180 kg/hm2), aeration treatment (subsurface drip irrigation with conventional water and aerated water) and irrigation amount (823 and 1237 m3/hm2). Effects of water-fertilizer-gas coupled drip irrigation on soil aeration, water and nitrogen utilization in greenhouse tomato were explored by systematically monitoring percentage saturation of soil water, oxygen diffusion rate (ODR), oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), mineral nitrogen content and water and nitrogen utilization rate. 【Result】Percentage saturation of soil water decreased at aerated drip irrigation under high amount of irrigation, ODR and Eh were significantly enhanced at aerated drip irrigation under high amount of irrigation. The irrigation amount, nitrogen application rate and aeration amount affected soil mineral nitrogen content significantly at p<0.05. The average soil nitrate and ammonia nitrogen in aeration treatments decreases by 21.4% and 15.5% compared to the conventional drip irrigation. The average soil nitrate and ammonia nitrogen in the high irrigation volume decreases by 22.7% and 14.7% compared to the low irrigation amount. The average value of soil nitrate and ammonia nitrogen in the normal nitrogen application rate decrease by 29.0% and 17.8% compared to the low nitrogen application rate. The average tomato irrigation water use efficiency in the high irrigation amount and normal nitrogen rate decreases by 6.7% and increases by 40.9% compared to the low irrigation amount and low nitrogen rate(p<0.05). The average tomato nitrogen utilization efficiency in the high water and normal nitrogen rate increase by 13.6% and 12.7% compared to the low water amount and low nitrogen application rate(p<0.05). The average tomato irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency in the aeration conditions increase by 22.9% and 12.4% compared to the conventional irrigation(p<0.05). 【Conclusion】Water-fertilizer-gas coupled drip irrigation can effectively improve the soil aeration under greenhouse tomato cropping system, increase water and nitrogen utilization efficiencies, promote tomato root growth, and enhance tomato yield. Combination of 180 kg/hm2 application, aerated drip irrigation and irrigation amount of 1237 m3/hm2 is an optimal scheme for water-fertilizer-gas coupled drip irrigation under greenhouse tomato cropping system. |
| Key words: greenhouse tomato; soil aeration; water-fertilizer-gas coupled drip irrigation; irrigation water use efficiency; nutrient utilization efficiency |
