| 引用本文: | 宋梓菡,崔嵩,付强,等.哈尔滨市主城区河流污染物入河量初步估算与来源分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,():-. |
| SONG Zihan,CUI Song,FU Qiang,et al.哈尔滨市主城区河流污染物入河量初步估算与来源分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为了解哈尔滨市主城区河流污染物来源结构组成及污染特征。【方法】以典型河流马家沟、何家沟、运粮河及发生渠为研究对象，根据地理位置、水文特征和经济发展状况将其划分为控制单元；利用源强系数法估算目标污染物化学需氧量（COD）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）的年排放量；在考虑空间结构特征对污染物入河过程影响的基础上，利用入河系数初步估算污染物的入河量；并应用Monte Carlo模拟方法，分析入河量估算的不确定性以及各环境主控因子的敏感性。【结果】研究区域COD、TN和TP的年排放总量分别为5 857.96、2 479.62和340.96 t，其年入河总量分别为2 331.97、624.00和64.50 t；COD、TN和TP年入河量与监测数据均呈显著相关，其相关系数分别为R=0.870 (p<0.01)，R=0.701 (p<0.01)和R=0.832 (p<0.01)；污染物的空间分布呈现城郊地区>农村地区>城市地区的显著特征（p<0.05）；农村生活源和农田面源是研究区域河流污染物的主要来源，其贡献率分别约为49%和31%。【结论】哈尔滨市主城区河流污染主要集中在城郊地区，污染物主要来自农村生活源和农田面源，该区域河流污染治理的工作重点应主要集中于农村生活及生产的控源减排。 |
| 关键词: 控制单元;入河系数;入河量;污染特征;不确定性分析 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X824 |
| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFC0404503）；国家自然科学基金资助项目(51779047)；东北农业大学“学术骨干”资助项目(17XG04)；黑龙江省优秀青年科学基金资助项目(YQ2019E001) |
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| Preliminary estimation and source analysis of river pollutant load in the main urban area of Harbin |
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SONG Zihan1, CUI Song1, FU Qiang1, GAO Qingfeng2, LI Kunyang1, GAO Shang1, ZHAO Yanchao1, JIA Zhaoyang1
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1.International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances IJRC-PTS,School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University;2.Harbin Institute of Water Science and Research
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to explore the source structure and pollution characteristics of river pollutants in the main urban area of Harbin, the typical rivers Majia River, Hejia River, Yunliang River and Fasheng River【Method】They were divided into control units, according to the geographic location, hydrological characteristics and economic development. And the annual emissions of the target pollutants (COD, TN and TP) were estimated by the source strength coefficient method. Then, the river load ratio was used to estimate the river pollution load, on the basis of considering the impact of spatial structure characteristics on the process of pollutant entering the river. And Monte Carlo simulation method was adopted to analyze the uncertainty of the estimation and the sensitivity of each calculation parameter.【Result】The results showed that the total annual emissions of COD, TN and TP of research area were 5 857.96, 2 479.62 and 340.96 t, respectively, and the river pollution load were 2 331.97, 624.00 and 64.50 t, respectively. The annual river pollution load of COD, TN and TP was significantly correlated with the monitoring data, with the correlation coefficients were R=0.870(p<0.01), R=0.701(p<0.01) and R=0.832(p<0.01), respectively. There was a significant spatial distribution that suburban areas > rural areas > urban areas (p<0.05); rural life source and agricultural non-point source were the main sources of target river pollutants in the study area, with contribution rates of 49% and 31%, respectively.【Conclusion】The river pollution in the main urban area of Harbin is mainly concentrated in the suburban areas. The pollutants mainly come from rural life sources and agricultural non-point sources. The focus of river pollution control in this area should be concentrated on the control of rural life and production. |
| Key words: control units;river load ratio;river pollution load;pollution characteristics;uncertainty analysis |
