| 摘要: |
| 【目的】灌溉过程是农业生产的主要碳排放源之一。基于“水-能”关联视角开展农业灌溉过程的碳排放研究，不仅有助于从资源耦合的视角揭示农业灌溉过程的碳排放机理，而且对于开展区域差别化的农业水资源优化配置、推动农业节水、节能和碳减排也具有重要的实践意义。【方法】本文基于河南省48个典型村庄的农户问卷调查数据，对典型村庄不同作物灌溉过程的碳排放进行了核算，对河南省县域空间农业灌溉碳排放进行了模拟，并对县域单元的碳排放效率进行了类型区划分。【结果】主要结论如下：（1）河南省农业灌溉过程的碳排放呈现较大的区域差异和作物差异。在空间上，河南省农业用水量呈现南高北低、西高东低的态势，而灌溉耗能量与碳排放量呈现北高南低、东高西低的态势，因此，农业灌溉过程的碳排放量与用水量关联度较低而与耗能量关联度较高；在作物类型上，河南省小麦的灌溉碳排放强度为105.3 kg/hm2、玉米的灌溉碳排放强度为99.5 kg/hm2、花生的灌溉碳排放强度为73.9 kg/hm2；（2）河南省小麦和玉米的灌溉碳排放强度呈现西高东低、北高南低的态势，比如豫西灵宝市小麦和玉米的灌溉碳排放强度分别为404 kg/hm2和110 kg/hm2、而豫东的商城县分别为44 kg/hm2和6 kg/hm2；花生的灌溉碳排放高强度地区主要集中于黄河流域以及淮河流域，比如位于黄灌区的中牟县花生的碳排放强度为138 kg/hm2、淮河流域的光山县为122 kg/hm2，而南阳市南部地区以及周口市的花生碳排放强度较低，比如邓州市和商水县的花生碳排放强度分别为44 kg/hm2和15 kg/hm2；（3）本文基于农业灌溉碳排放效率的高低，将河南省分为四类地区：低碳排放效率区（C<40 t/t）、中等碳排放效率区（40240 t/t）。【结论】建议未来应对不同地区灌溉方式进行差别化管理，针对不同地形、气候和作物种植区，应结合水资源可获得情况确定合理的灌溉方式的组合，以减少灌溉过程中的水能消耗与碳排放。 |
| 关键词: 农业灌溉；碳排放；水-能关联；河南省 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TV211;V24 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(41301633)；河南省自然科学(182300410103)；教育部人文社科项目(17YJCZH257)；河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2017GGJS078) |
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| Study on Carbon Emission from Agricultural Irrigation Process in Henan Province Based on Water-Energy Nexus |
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Du Jingxin, Zhao Rongqin
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North China University of Water Resources ang Electric Power
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Energy consumption for crop irrigation is one of the main carbon emission sources in agricultural production process. Based on water-energy nexus from the perspective of agricultural irrigation process, the study is not only helpful to reveal the mechanism of carbon emission in the view of resource coupling, but also practically significant for carrying out differentiated management of agricultural water and energy resources, promoting agricultural water saving, energy saving and carbon emission reduction.【Method】Based on the questionnaire survey data of farmers of 48 typical villages in Henan Province, this paper calculated carbon emission from irrigation processes of typical villages of different crops, simulated the carbon emission from agricultural irrigation in each country of Henan province, and classified the carbon emission efficiency of agricultural irrigation in different counties.【Result】The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Overall, The amount of carbon emission triggered by agricultural irrigation in Henan province is greatly different among regional or crop. In space, the amount of agricultural water consumption in Henan province is higher in the South and West and lower in the North and East, while the distribution of agricultural irrigation energy consumption and carbon emissions in Henan Province is higher in the East and North and lower in the West and South. Therefore, the nexus between carbon emission and water consumption is lower than energy consumption in agricultural irrigation process. In terms of crop types, the carbon emission intensity of irrigation in Henan province was 105.3 kg/hm2 for wheat, 99.5 kg/hm2 for corn and 73.9 kg/hm2 for peanut. (2) Irrigation carbon emissions of wheat and Maize in Henan Province are higher in the West and North, lower in the East and South, for example, the irrigation carbon emission intensity of wheat and corn in Lingbao city which is in the west of Henan were 404 kg/hm2 and 110 kg/hm2 respectively, while that of Shangcheng county which is in the east of Henan were 44 kg/hm2 and 6 kg/hm2 respectively. However, the high-intensity irrigation carbon emissions areas of peanut are mainly located in the Yellow River basin and the Huaihe River basin, for example, the carbon intensity of peanuts in Zhongmou county that is in the irrigated area of Yellow River is 138 kg/hm2, and that of Guangshan county in the Huaihe River basin is 122 kg/hm2. The carbon emission intensity of peanut in the southern region of Nanyang city and Zhoukou city is lower, for example, the carbon emission intensity of peanut in Dengzhou city is 44 kg/hm2 and that in Shangshui county is 15 kg/hm2. (3) In the light of the carbon emission efficiency of agricultural irrigation across from areas, Henan Province is divided into four types in spatial: low carbon emission efficiency zone（C<40 t/t）, medium carbon emission efficiency zone（40240 t/t）.【Conclusion】Different areas should have different irrigation treatments, according to the availability of water resources, reasonable combination of irrigation methods should be determined for different topography, climate and crop growing areas, so as to reduce water energy consumption and carbon emissions in the irrigation process. |
| Key words: agricultural irrigation; carbon emissions; water-energy nexus; Henan province |
