| 摘要: |
| 摘要：[目的]本研究以促进农业用水施肥增效为目的，开展作物水肥生理调控技术试验，进行不同水肥耦合下的灌溉试验，对冬小麦生长指标进行测定，初步探索出适宜于陕西关中地区冬小麦高产的合理水肥区间。[方法]设置灌水次数和施氮量两个因素，灌水次数分别为全生育期不灌水（I0）、拔节期灌一次（I1）、抽穗期灌一次（I2）、拔节期和抽穗期各灌一次（I3），拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期各灌一次（I4），施氮量设置为75 kg/hm2（F1）、150 kg/hm2（F2）、300 kg/hm2（F3）。[结果] 1：灌水处理对作物耗水量有着极显著的正相关关系，且随着灌水量的增加而增加，旱作雨养种植增加了作物对土壤储水量的吸收利用，在收获后腾出了相应的土壤水分库容。施肥对土壤水分的消耗量有着正相关关系，但不显著，随施氮量的增加而略有增加。2：在同一水分处理下，冬小麦地上部干物质量各生育期均呈现高肥>中肥>低肥，增施氮肥能够显著增加地上部干物质量，同一氮肥水平处理下，各生育期的干物质量均随灌水量的增加而增加，且补灌拔节水对增加干物质量有着显著正效应。3：灌水对产量有着极显著影响，对水分利用效率无显著性影响，但存在正相关关系，施肥对产量无显著性影响，但存在正相关关系，对水分利用效率有着极显著的正相关关系。F1I0处理产量为3728 .00kg/hm2，F3I4处理得到最大产量为5905.90 kg/hm2，高出F1I0处理58.42%。F2I1处理WUE为1.88 kg/m3，比F1I0处理水分利用效率高出48.77%。[结论]综合分析，在该试验条件下，施氮量150 kg/hm2和在拔节期补灌一次（F2I1）为陕西关中地区较为适宜的高效水肥管理措施。 |
| 关键词: 补充灌溉；产量；水分利用效率；生物量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274.1 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| Effects of supplementary irrigation on biomass , WUE and yield of winter wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer conditions |
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Hu Hongwei1,2, CAI Huanjie1,2
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1.Northwest A&2.F University
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract: [Objective] In order to promote the efficiency of irrigation and fertilization in agriculture, this study carried out experiments on physiological regulation of irrigation and fertilizer on crops, carried out irrigation tests under different coupling of irrigation and fertilizer, measured the growth indexes of winter wheat, and preliminarily explored a reasonable irrigation and fertilizer interval suitable for high yield of winter wheat in guanzhong area of Shaanxi province. [Methods] Set N application rate of irrigation frequency and the two factors, irrigation frequency is no irrigation (I0) in the whole stages respectively, jointing stage time (I1), heading stage and filling stage (I2), jointing stage and heading stage (I3), each jointing stage and heading stage and mature stage irrigation (I2), N application rate is set to 75 kg/hm2 (F1), 150 kg/hm2 (F2), 300 kg/hm2 (F3). [Results] 1: Irrigation treatment has an extremely significant positive correlation with crop water consumption, and it increases with the increase of irrigation water volume. Upland cultivation increases the absorption and utilization of soil water storage by crops, and frees up corresponding soil water storage capacity after harvest. Fertilization has a positive correlation with soil water consumption, but it is not significant. 2: Under the same irrigation processing, the quality of winter wheat aboveground dry matter in each growth period were showing high fertilizer >middle fertilizer> low fertilizer, increasing nitrogen can significantly increase the dry matter weight of the earth, under the same nitrogen level processing, quality of the dry matter production of the growth period increases with the increase of irrigation water, and replenishing the filling water has a significant positive effect on increasing the quality of dry matter. 3: Irrigation has an extremely significant impact on winter wheat yield, has no significant impact on WUE, but there is a positive correlation. Fertilization has no significant impact on yield, but there is a positive correlation and an extremely significant positive correlation on WUE. The yield of F1I0 treatment was 3728.00 kg/hm2, and the maximum yield of F3I4 treatment was 5905.90 kg/hm2, which was 58.42% higher than that of F1I0 treatment.WUE of F2I1 treatment was 1.88 kg/m3, 48.77% higher than that of F1I0 treatment. [Conclusion]: under the conditions of this test, nitrogen application of 150 kg/hm2 and supplementary irrigation at jointing stage (F2I1) are relatively appropriate and effective irrigation and fertilizer management measures in guanzhong area of Shaanxi province |
| Key words: supplementary irrigation；yield；WUE；biomass |
