| 引用本文: | 高海燕,李王成,李晨,等.宁夏主要农作物生产水足迹及其变化趋势研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,(3):-. |
| Gao Haiyan,Li Wangcheng,Li Chen,et al.宁夏主要农作物生产水足迹及其变化趋势研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,(3):-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨宁夏地区近十年来作物生产水足迹及其变化趋势为调整宁夏地区农业用水结构以改善水资源短缺问题提供理论依据 。【方法】基于水足迹理论，本文利用气象和农业有关数据，对宁夏回族自治区2008—2017年主要农作物的生产水足迹进行了量化处理，并结合气象因素与作物产量，对其进行了时空分布及变化趋势分析。【结果】1）宁夏地区十年研究期间各作物的生产水足迹总体上呈减小趋势，在分析的作物中，大豆的平均综合生产水足迹最大，为4.51 m3/kg，玉米的平均生产水足迹最小，为0.91m3/kg；2）各作物蓝绿水足迹比例最高的是稻谷，为5:1，最低的是大豆，为1.4:1； 3）十年研究期各地区综合作物生产水足迹大小排序为：吴忠市（15.58 m3/kg）>中卫市（13.71m3/kg）>石嘴山市（12.77 m3/kg）>银川市（9.46 m3/kg）>固原市（8.21 m3/kg）；4）各地区蓝绿水足迹比例从南到北依次递增，固原市最小为1.2:1，石嘴山市最大为5:1。【结论】在水资源十分缺乏的宁夏地区，需根据各作物耗水规律适当调整种植结构、灌溉模式等减少农业用水量以缓解水资源短缺问题。 |
| 关键词: 生产水足迹；绿水足迹；蓝水足迹；主要农作物；宁夏 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S247 |
| 基金项目:1.国家自然科学基金项目,2016.1-2019.12，“宁夏中部干旱带老压砂地枣树适应性生长对土壤水分响应关系研究”（51569022）。 2.国家自然科学基金项目,2019.1-2022.12，“宁夏干旱生态脆弱区土壤蒸发对季节性植被自适应性影响的研究”（51869023）。 3.宁夏自治区一流学科建设项目（NXYLXK2017A03）子课题，2017.4-2021.12，“压砂地产业枣树提质增产增效关键技术研究与示范”。 |
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| Study on Water Footprint and Its Changing Trend of Main Crop Production in Ningxia |
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Gao Haiyan, Li Wangcheng, Li Chen, Dong Yaping, Hao Lu, Ma Ji’an, Liu Zixi, Li Yukun
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Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Against the background of global water shortage, scholars from various countries have conducted extensive and in-depth research on how to alleviate the pressure on water resources and improve the efficiency of water resources utilization. So far, water scarcity is still a hot issue worldwide. Agricultural production accounts for the largest proportion of the world's total annual water consumption. China is a large agricultural country and at the same time a country with extremely scarce water resources. The growth of crops consumes a lot of water resources. Some data show that in recent years, China’s agricultural production has reached 60% of its total water consumption. Therefore, water shortage has become an important factor restricting China’s agricultural development, so how to use agricultural water resources efficiently have become an issue that cannot be ignored in China's agricultural development today. Water footprint theory, as one of the hot spots in the field of water resources management, has made great progress in both theory and application after nearly two decades of development. Ningxia is located in northwestern China. It is arid and lacking water, and the use of water resources is mainly for agricultural use. The current research on water resources in Ningxia mostly focuses on the evaluation and analysis of the overall water footprint and water resources in Ningxia. In recent years, there are few studies on the crop water footprint and its changing trend among different crops, between different regions and between different years.【Objective】Discussing the water footprint of crop production and its changing trend in the past ten years to provide theoretical basis for adjusting agricultural water structure to improve water shortage in Ningxia .【Method】Based on the theory of water footprint, this paper uses meteorological and agricultural data to quantify the production water footprint of Ningxia's main crops in 2008-2017, and combines meteorological factors with crop yields to analyze its spatial and temporal distribution and trend. 【Result】1) The production water footprint of each crop in Ningxia region has a decreasing trend in total during the ten-year study period. The average integrated production water footprint of soybean is the largest, 4.51m3/kg, and the average production water footprint of wheat is the smallest, 0.91m3 /kg;2) The highest proportion of blue-green water footprint of each crop is rice, which is 5:1, and the lowest is soybean, which is 1.4:1;3) During the ten-year study period,the water footprint of comprehensive crop production in vairous regions was ranked as follows: WuZhong (15.58m3/kg) > Zhongwei (13.71m3/kg) > Shizuishan (12.77m3/kg) >Yinchuan(9.46m3/kg) >Guyuan(8.21m3/kg);4) The proportion of blue and green water footprint in all areas increases successively from south to north, with a minimum of 1.2:1 in Guyuan and a maximum of 5:1 in Shizuishan.【Conclusion】In Ningxia, where water resources are scarce, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the planting structure and irrigation mode according to the water consumption rules of each crop to reduce the water use in agriculture to alleviate the shortage of water resources. |
| Key words: Production Water footprint;Green water footprint;Blue water footprint;main crops;Ningxia |
