| 引用本文: | 王丽娟,孙嘉星,高丽丽,等.水肥减量对土壤硝态氮和番茄产量品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| wanglijuan,wanglijuan,gaolili,et al.水肥减量对土壤硝态氮和番茄产量品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 摘要：【目的】为了解决水肥一体化下水肥施用过量问题，以合理调控土壤硝态氮积累量，保证番茄产量品质为目标，寻找适宜的水肥投入减量；【方法】采用日光温室小区试验，以当地农户水肥的平均投入量为对照（CK），设置了3个不同的水肥同步减量处理（H:80%CK、M:60%CK、L:50%CK），研究了水肥一体化条件下不同梯度的水肥投入减量处理对土壤含水率、土壤硝态氮、植株干物质量、番茄果实产量品质、水肥利用效率和经济效益的影响；【结果】在全生育期间，0~20 cm和20~50cm间土壤含水率和0~50 cm土壤硝态氮积累量呈现变化规律均为：CK>H>M>L；各处理之间的植株干物质量差异不显著；番茄产量表现为：CK>H>M>L，且各处理之间差异显著；水肥利用效率和产投比在各处理之间差异显著；其中，H处理0~50cm土壤层硝态氮积累量和番茄果实产量与CK相比差异显著，分别为71% CK和83% CK，H处理的水肥利用效率和产投比显著高于CK处理（p<0.05），H处理的糖酸比为1.18CK。【结论】在当地水肥管理条件下，水肥减量20%时，土壤含水率较高，可显著减小土壤硝态氮积累量，番茄减产最少（M和L处理的番茄产量分别为72% CK和67% CK）及小幅改善番茄风味品质，还可显著提高水肥利用效率和水肥投入的经济效益。综合以上分析，建议水肥减量小于20%为宜，否则可能造成大幅的番茄产量减产，本试验结果可为当地兼顾土壤环境和番茄果实产量品质的水肥施用量提供参考依据。 |
| 关键词: 番茄;水肥减量;硝态氮;产量品质; 经济效益 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S271 |
| 基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07101-003)、国家自然(51679243) |
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| Effects of water and fertilizer reduction on soil nitrate nitrogen and tomato yield and quality |
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wanglijuan1, wanglijuan2, gaolili2, maolili2, lihaoru2, gongdaozhi2
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1.中国农业科学院环发所;2.Institute of agricultural environment and sustainable development, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract:【Objective】To solve the problem of excessive application of water and fertilizer under the integration of water and fertilizer, to control the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil and guarantee the yield and quality of tomato, to find an appropriate amount of water and fertilizer input reduction;【Method】 The experiment took the average water and fertilizer input of local farmers as the control (CK). Through the solar greenhouse plot experiment, There are 3 different simultaneous reduction of water and fertilizer treatments (H:80%CK, M:60%CK, L:50%CK) were set. The effects of water and fertilizer input reduction at different rate on soil moisture, soil nitrate nitrogen, plant dry matter quality, tomato fruit yield quality, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and economic benefits were studied 【Result】During the whole growth period, the soil moisture content between 0~20 cm and 20~50cm and the nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the soil between 0~50cm showed a change rule as follows: CK>H>M>L. The yield of tomato was as follows: CK>H>M>L, and there were significant differences among treatments. There was no significant difference in plant dry matter quality between treatments. .Water fertilizer utilization efficiency and yield to investment ratio were significantly different between CK treatment and H, M and L. The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and the yield of tomato fruits in soil layer 0~50cm treated with H were significantly different from CK (71% CK and 83% CK, respectively), the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer and the ratio of production and investment were significantly higher than CK (p<0.05), and the sugar and acid ratio of treatment with H was 1.18CK. 【Conclusion】Under the condition of local sewage sludge management, reduced 20% water, soil water is enough, can significantly reduce the soil nitrate nitrogen, accumulation, least effect on tomato production (M and L processing tomato production were 72% 67% CK and CK) and improving the quality of tomato flavor slightly, also can significantly improve the utilization efficiency of sewage sludge and sewage sludge into economic benefits. Combined with the local farmers water and fertilizer input habits and comprehensive consideration of soil quality and economic benefit. It is advisable to reduce water fertilizer input by less than 20%, otherwise may cause big tomato yield production, the test results can be for the local soil environment and quality of tomato fruit yields seems to provide the reference. |
| Key words: tomato; water and fertilizer reduction; nitrate nitrogen;yield; quality; economic benefits |
