| 引用本文: | 刘静霞,蒙强,曹志翔,等.基于云模型的西藏高原灌区参考作物蒸散量时间变化特征与影响因子研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LIU Jingxia,MENG Qiang,caozhixiang,et al.基于云模型的西藏高原灌区参考作物蒸散量时间变化特征与影响因子研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究气候变化背景下西藏高原灌区参考作物蒸散量（ET0）时间变化特征及其影响因子。【方法】根据满拉、墨达、江北3个灌区的逐日气象数据，利用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith模型计算ET0，并依靠M-K检验、云模型对3个灌区的ET0及气象因子在时间尺度上的变化趋势及其分布的均匀性和稳定性进行了研究；同时，采用通径分析对影响ET0的气象因子进行探讨。【结果】26a（1991~2016）来江北、墨达灌区年ET0分别以27.97 mm/(10a)、6.41 mm/(10a)的倾向率逐渐递减，其中仅江北灌区变化趋势显著；满拉灌区年ET0以9.99 mm/(10a)的倾向率逐渐递增，但变化趋势不显著。云模型结果表明，江北灌区年ET0分布的均匀性及稳定性最高，墨达灌区最差。季节尺度上，3个灌区ET0均呈现夏季＞春季＞秋季＞冬季的分布特点，且冬春季ET0分布的均匀性及稳定性最高，夏秋季较低。月尺度上，ET0呈单峰形分布，其中1月ET0分布最稳定，5月份最差。通径分析表明，各气象因子均对ET0变化产生影响且不同灌区中影响ET0的主要气象因子存在差异。平均相对湿度为直接影响满拉、墨达灌区ET0变化最显著的气象因子；平均风速为直接影响江北灌区ET0变化最显著的气象因子；平均相对湿度为间接影响江北、满拉灌区ET0变化的最显著的气象因子；日照时间为间接影响墨达灌区ET0变化的最显著的气象因子。【结论】1991~2016年以来江北灌区年ET0分布的均匀性及稳定性较高并在年际间以27.97 mm/(10a)倾向率显著下降。平均风速、平均相对湿度是影响江北、满拉、墨达灌区年ET0变化的主要气象因子。 |
| 关键词: 参考作物蒸散量;云模型;变化特征;气象因子;西藏 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S127 |
| 基金项目:西藏自治区自然科学基金项目(XZ2019ZRG-50(Z))资助；西藏农牧学院人才引进科研启动项目（RC201602）;西藏农牧学院人才引进科研启动项目(RC201601)；西藏自治区自然科学(XZ2019ZRG-63)； |
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| The temporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of reference evapotranspiration in tableland irrigation district in Tibet on cloud mode |
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LIU Jingxia1, MENG Qiang1, caozhixiang2, LI Yuqing1, ZHANG Wenxian1
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1.Water Conservancy Project and Civil Engineering College,Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University;2.Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The researches on the ET0 variability at different spatio-temporal scales and its driving factors under the background of climate change have gradually attracted widespread attention from scholars. However, few studies focus on the ET0 in Tibet and thus the related result is lacking, which result in the difficulties in revealing the variation mechanism and accurate calculation of ET0.【Objective】This paper analyzed the temporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of reference evapotranspiration (ET0).【Method】The ET0 was measured by the Penman-Monteith equation recommended by FAO with the long series of meteorological data from Manla, Moda and Jiangbei irrigation district in Tibet. Based on the cloud model of uncertain conversion between qualitative concept and quantitative description, the indices of homogeneity and stability were used for reflecting the temporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of ET0. Meanwhile, the meteorological factors affecting ET0 changes in different irrigation districts were investigated by the method of path coefficient analysis.【Result】During 1991~2016 the annual ET0 in Jiangbei and Moda irrigation district appeared an decreasing tendency by the inclination rate of 27.97 mm/(10a) and 6.41 mm/(10a), while the annual ET0 in Moda irrigation district appeared an increasing tendency by the inclination rate of 9.99 mm/(10a), however, the change trend was not significant. Among them, the distribution of the annual ET0 in Jiangbei irrigation district had the highest uniformity and stability, and the worst in Moda irrigation district. On a seasonal scale, the ET0 distribution in the 3 irrigation areas presents the distribution characteristics of a ranking of summer > spring > autumn > winter. Moreover, the distribution uniformity and stability of ET0 in winter and spring is the highest, while that in summer and autumn is lower. On the monthly scale, ET0 presents a single peak distribution, in which the ET0 distribution is the most stable in January and the worst in May.The path coefficient analysis showed that various meteorological factors had affected ET0 changes and the main influence factors in different district were not the same. The average relative humidity had direct affection on the changes of ET0 in Manla and Moda irrigation district, and the average wind speed had direct affection on the changes of ET0 in Jiangbei irrigation district. The average relative humidity had indirect affection on the changes of ET0 in Jiangbei and Manla irrigation district, and the sunshine hours had indirect affection on the changes of ET0 in Moda irrigation district. 【Conclusion】During 1991~2016 the distribution of the annual ET0 which appears an decreasing tendency by the inclination rate of 27.97 mm/(10a) in Jiangbei irrigation district had the highest uniformity and stability, and the speed wind and the average relative humidity are the main factors that attributed the change in ET0. |
| Key words: reference crop evapotranspiration; cloud model; variation characteristics; meteorological factors; Tibet |
