| 引用本文: | 徐晨,闫伟平,孙宁,等.不同灌水处理对春玉米生理特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| Xu Chen,Yan Weiping,Sun Ning,et al.不同灌水处理对春玉米生理特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 不同灌水处理对春玉米生理特性的影响 |
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徐晨1, 闫伟平1, 孙宁1, 刘晓龙2, 赵洪祥1, 谭国波1, 武志海3, 张治安3, 张丽华1, 边少锋1
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1.吉林省农业科学院;2.宜春学院;3.吉林农业大学
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究半干旱区玉米在不同灌溉定额条件下的生理响应机制。【方法】以华农887为试验材料，采用大田试验，全生育期设定4个灌溉定额：500（CK）、900（Q1）、1 700（Q2）和2 500 m3/hm2 （Q3），开展了灌溉定额对玉米氮素积累、籽粒灌浆特性、叶片氮代谢酶活性、根系伤流强度和产量的研究。【结果】1）玉米籽粒的平均灌浆速率和各阶段的百粒质量重均随灌溉定额的增加而增加，Q2与Q3处理的平均灌浆速率和百粒质量重均显著高于Q1与CK处理。2）灌溉定额的增加使玉米根系伤流强度增加，Q2与Q3处理的伤流强度要显著高于Q1处理与CK处理。3）含氮素的含量呈籽粒＞叶片＞茎秆的变化趋势，Q2与Q3处理的籽粒、茎秆、叶片和植株总的氮含氮量要显著高于Q1处理与CK处理。4）随着灌溉定额的增加，叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）的活性增加，谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）的活性下降，Q2与Q3处理的GS活性在灌浆期显著高于Q1处理与CK处理，GDH活性显著低于Q1处理与CK处理。5）玉米的产量随灌溉定额的增加而增加，Q2与Q3处理的产量显著高于Q1处理与CK处理。上述指标在Q2与Q3处理间均无显著性差异。【结论】灌溉定额为1 700 m3/hm2时，玉米籽粒的灌浆特性、根系伤流强度、植株氮素积累特性、叶片氮代谢酶活性和产量均表现较佳，该灌溉定额可作为吉林省半干旱区玉米全生育期灌溉的参考定额。 |
| 关键词: 玉米；灌溉定额；灌浆特性；伤流液；氮积累；氮代谢酶 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S311 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300205；2017YFD0300605) |
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| Effect of different irrigation quota on physiological characteristics of spring maize |
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Xu Chen1, Yan Weiping1, Sun Ning1, Liu Xiaolong2, Zhao Hongxiang1, Tan Guobo1, Wu Zhihai3, Zhang Zhian3, Zhang Lihua1, Bian Shaofeng1
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1.Jilin Academy of Agricutural Sciences;2.Yichun University;3.Jilin Agricutural University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】 Maize is one of the most important food crops in Jilin Province, which plays a leading role in food production. People often use irrigation to meet the water requirements for maize growth and development in semi-arid areas of Jilin Province. When maize suffers from soil water deficit, the growth and development speed is slow, and the normal physiological activities of leaves and roots are affected, which will eventually affect the yield formation of maize. The study on the changes of physiological characteristics of maize under irrigation has certain theoretical and practical significance for the production of maize in semi-arid areas.【Objective】 How to judge whether agricultural water is efficiently used by crops under irrigation conditions, so that the crops can achieve the double harvest of water saving and yield, on the one hand, the utilization of water can be analyzed by crops, on the other hand, the physiological characteristics of crops under irrigation conditions can also be analyzed. The purpose of this study is order to explore the physiological response mechanism of maize under different irrigation quotas in semi-arid area. 【Methods】 Two years field experiment was used in this study. Huanong 887 was used as materials. Four irrigation quotas were set in the whole growth period: 500 (CK), 900 (Q1), 1700 (Q2) and 2500 m3?/hm-2 (Q3). The effects of irrigation quota on the accumulation of nitrogen, the characteristics of grain filling, the activities of nitrogen metabolizing enzymes in leaves, the intensity of root injury and maize yield were studied. 【Results】 (1) The average filling rate and 100 kernel weight of maize increased with the increase of irrigation quota. The average filling rate and 100 kernel weight of Q2 and Q3 treatments were significantly higher than those of Q1 and CK treatments. (2) The injury intensity of maize roots increased with the increase of irrigation quota. The injury intensity of Q2 and Q3 treatment was significantly higher than that of Q1 and CK treatment. (3) The nitrogen content of grains, stems, leaves and plants of Q2 and Q3 treatments was significantly higher than that of Q1 and CK treatments. (4) With the increase of irrigation quota, the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) of leaves increased, and the activities of GS in Q2 and Q3 treatments were significantly higher than those in Q1 and CK treatments. The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of leaves decreased, and the activities of GDH were significantly lower than those in Q1 and CK treatments. (5) The yield of maize increased with the increase of irrigation quota. The yield of Q2 and Q3 treatments was significantly higher than that of Q1 and CK treatments. There was no significant difference between the above indexes of Q2 and Q3 treatments. 【Conclusion】 Soil moisture is an important factor limiting the growth and development of maize in the semi-arid area of western Jilin Province. With the increase of irrigation quota, the yield, grain average filling rate and 100 kernel weight of maize, the injury intensity of maize root system, the nitrogen accumulation of maize plant and GS activity of leaves increased, and GDH activity of leaves decreased. When the irrigation quota is 1700 m3?/hm-2, the grain filling characteristics, root injury intensity, plant nitrogen accumulation characteristics, leaf nitrogen metabolizing enzyme activity and yield were all better. The physiological indexes of maize were significantly correlated with yield. Because the interaction of year and irrigation quota had no significant effect on yield, from the Perspective of high efficiency and water saving, 1700 m3/?hm-2 can be used as the reference quota for the whole growth period irrigation of maize in semi-arid area of Jilin Province. |
| Key words: maize; irrigation quota; grouting characteristics; bleeding sap; nitrogen accumulation; nitrogen metabolism enzyme |
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