| 引用本文: | 刘 凯,侯振安,王方斌,等.优化行管配置和施氮量提高机采棉养分吸收及产量[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(5):1-9. |
| ,et al.优化行管配置和施氮量提高机采棉养分吸收及产量[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(5):1-9. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】通过田间试验研究滴灌机采棉不同行距、滴灌毛管铺设位置及施氮量对棉花生长、养分吸收和产量的影响。【方法】试验设置4种管配置模式：行距（66+10）cm滴灌毛管在作物窄行中间（B66）、行距（66+10）cm滴灌毛管在作物宽行间靠近作物位置（S66）、行距（72+4）cm滴灌毛管在作物宽行间靠近作物位置（S72）、76 cm等行距（S76）；同时，设置3个施氮（N）水平0、240、300 kg/hm2（分别以N0、N240、N300表示）。【结果】S66和B66处理土壤水分与硝态氮在0~40 cm土层分布较均匀，其中，S66处理土壤硝态氮主要分布在作物根系区域。与S66-N300相比，S66-N240和B66-N240处理棉花干物质量和氮素吸收量无显著差异，S72-N240和S76-N240处理棉花干物质量和氮素吸收量显著降低。B66-N240处理棉花磷素和钾素吸收量显著高于其他处理。S66-N240和B66-N240处理棉花产量和氮肥表观利用率均显著高于S66-N300处理，尤其S66-N240处理氮肥表观利用率最高，较S66-N300处理增加28.7%。S72-N240与S76-N240处理棉花产量和氮肥表观利用率均显著低于S66-N300处理。【结论】机采棉行距（66+10）cm模式下，施氮量为240 kg/hm2时可显著提高棉花产量，滴灌毛管铺设在作物行宽行靠近作物位置利于氮素吸收，提高氮肥利用率；滴灌毛管在作物窄行中间的则增加棉花对磷和钾的吸收。 |
| 关键词: 机采棉；灌溉；施氮量；产量；氮肥利用率 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2019139 |
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| Optimizing Planting Pattern and Nitrogen Application to Improve Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Machine-harvest Cotton |
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LIU Kai, HOU Zhen’an*, WANG Fangbin, SUN Jialin, YIN Xing
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Agricultural college of Shihezi University/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi 832003, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】 Xinjiang is an arid and semiarid region in China characterized by dry climate and large diurnal-temperature variation. Its sunshine is abundant but effective precipitation is lowest during growth season of most crops; it is the dominant cotton production base in China. With increase in cotton production, developing machine-pick cotton is critical to reduce costs and improve labor productivity so as to industrialize large-scale cotton production. Nitrogen is an essential plant nutrient and plays an important role in cotton yield formation, but its excessive application not only reduces yield but also deteriorates ecological and environmental systems. Traditional cotton cultivation in Xinjiang cannot meet the demand for machine-harvest and excessive nitrogen application has become a major issue in cotton production.【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to experimentally study the combined impact of planting pattern and nitrogen application on nutrient uptake and yield of machine-harvest cotton under drip fertigation in Xinjiang.【Method】We compared four row spacings: alternate 66 cm and 10 cm with the drip-irrigation belt outside the row (S66), alternate 66 cm and 10 cm with the drip-irrigation belt inside the row (B66), alternate 72 cm and 4cm with the drip irrigation belt outside the row (S72), spacing the rows 76 cm apart with the drip-irrigation belt outside the row (S76), and three nitrogen applications: 0 (N0), 240 kg/hm2 (N24) and 300 kg/hm2 (N300). 【Result】Soil water and NO3 in S66 and B66 were evenly distributed in the top 0~40 cm soil layer, especially in S66 where NO3 was mainly in the proximity of the root zone. Compared with S66-N300, S66-N240 and B66-N240 did not show significant difference in dry matter and root uptake of N, while S72-N240 and S76-N240 significantly reduced the dry matter and root uptake of N. The P and K uptake by cotton in B66-N240 was significantly higher than that in other treatments; the yield and apparent N use efficiency in S66-N240 and B66-N240 were significantly higher than that in S66-N300, especially S66-N240 that increased N use efficiency by 28.7% compared to S66-N300. Yield and apparent N use efficiency in S72-N240 and S76-N240 were significantly lower than that in S66-N300.【Conclusion】Planting cotton with rows alternately spaced 66 cm and 10 cm, along with a nitrogen application of 240 kg/hm2, significantly increased cotton yield. Placing the drip-irrigation belt 10 cm outside the row facilitates N uptake thereby improving N use efficiency, while placing the drip-irrigation belt between the rows increased P and K uptake. |
| Key words: Machine-harvesting cotton; planting pattern; nitrogen application rate; yield; nitrogen use efficiency |
