| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同水肥耦合处理对滴灌酿酒葡萄产量和品质的影响。【方法】以6 a生酿酒葡萄“赤霞珠”为供试材料，在宁夏红寺堡区开展了不同水肥处理田间试验。试验设置3个灌水水平：低水W1（1 500 m3/hm2）、中水W2（3 000 m3/hm2）以及高水W3（4 500 m3/hm2），设置3个施肥水平：低肥F1（450 kg/hm2）、中肥F2（840 kg/hm2）以及高肥F3（1 050 kg/hm2），共计9个处理，研究不同水肥模式对酿酒葡萄生长发育、产量和品质的影响。【结果】水肥耦合能显著促进酿酒葡萄生长发育、光合特性、果实外观以及营养物质的量，W3F3处理显著促进了新稍生长，水肥耦合能显著促进SPAD值的增加，但对NDVI值影响并不显著。施肥处理能促进果实纵径的生长，但对果实横径生长影响不显著。各处理果形指数处于0.99~1.05之间，CIRG的影响均达到了极显著水平。W3F3处理水分利用效率提高最为显著，为41.53%，果实产量最高为7.02 t/hm2。W2F1处理的可溶性固形物最高为22.27%，W1F2处理可滴定酸最高为0.74%。W3F1处理可溶性糖最高为20.32%，W2F2处理糖酸比最大。W3F3处理花色苷量最大为4.66 mg/g。随灌水和施肥量的增大，酿酒葡萄果皮总酚量整体上呈降低趋势，W1F1处理总酚量最大为71.53 mg/g。Vc量与水肥耦合各处理存在显著正相关关系，W3F3处理最高为9.23 mg/g。【结论】在本试验条件下，W3F3处理葡萄植株生长、光合效率提高、葡萄产量和水分利用效率最高，还可显著提高葡萄含糖量，降低果实含酸量，提高果实Vc量，有利于提高糖酸比，葡萄品质最佳。试验可为实际生产提供科学的理论支持和参考。 |
| 关键词: 水肥耦合；贺兰山东麓；滴灌；酿酒葡萄；品质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2019365 |
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| The Combined Effects of Water and Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Wine Grapes under Drip Fertigation in Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain |
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HE Zhenjia, LIU Quanzu
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1. Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China;2. Ningxia Dongfang Yuxing Winery Co., Ltd., Wuzhong 751900, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The eastern foot of Helan Mountain has a long sunshine duration and large diurnal temperature variation, a climate suitable for growing high-quality wine grape. However, insufficient nutritional elements in soil and lacking of water resources, confounded by inappropriate fertilization, has been a constraint liming the development of wine-grape industry in this region. Previous studies on influence of drip irrigation on physiological growth and quality of wine grape had recommended suitable irrigation schedule, but there is limited study on how the coupling of irrigation and fertilization impacts on yield and quality of wine grapes in this region.【Objective】This paper is to experimentally investigate the effect of different couplings of water and fertilizer on yield and quality of wine grapes under drip fertigation.【Method】Six-year wine grape "Cabernet Sauvignon" was used as the model plant. The field experiment was conducted at the Hongsibao District in Ningxia, with three irrigation levels: 1 500 m3/hm2 (M1), 3 000 m3/hm2 (M2) and 4 500 m3/hm2 (M3), and three fertilization levels: 450 kg/hm2 (F1), 840 kg/hm2 (F2) and 1 050 kg/hm2 (F3). There were nine treatments and in each treatment, we measured growth, yield and quality of the grapes.【Result】Coupling water and fertilizer significantly promoted growth, photosynthesis, fruit appearance and nutrient content of the grapes, especially W3F3 that increased SPAD at significant level but had limited effect on NDVI. Fertilization promoted fruit growth in the longitudinal direction but not in the transverse direction, and the fruit shape index in all treatments varied between 0.99 and 1.05. Coupling water and fertilizer also affected CIRG at significant level. Both water use efficiency and yield maximized in W3F3, being 41.53% and 7.02 t/hm2 respectively. Compared to the control, W2F1 increased the soluble solids by 22.27% and W1F2 had the highest titratable acid at 0.74%. W3F1 gave the highest soluble sugar content at 20.32% and W2F2 had the largest sugar-to-acid ratio. The maximum anthocyanin content was 4.66 mg/g and in W3F3. With the increase in irrigation and fertilization, the average total phenolic content in the grape peel decreased, and its value in W1F1 was 71.53 mg/g. Vc content and the coupled water and fertilizer were positively correlated at significant level, and its highest value was 9.23 mg/g in W3F3.【Conclusion】W3F3 increased sugar content and Vc content, while reduced fruit acid content. These improved the sugar-acid ratio and grape quality. Our experimental results have wide implications for improving fertigation to increase grape production in similar regions. |
| Key words: water and fertilizer coupling; eastern foot of Helan Mountain; drip irrigation; wine grapes; fruit quality |
