| 引用本文: | 任 涛,贺宇欣,张 鹏,等.秸秆移除对西南山丘区紫色土抗侵蚀能力的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(5):82-88. |
| REN Tao1, HE Yuxin2*, ZHANG Peng1, LIU Chao2, LI Naiwen2, TAN Xiao2,REN Tao1, HE Yuxin2*, ZHANG Peng1, LIU Chao2, LI Naiwen2, TAN Xiao2,REN Tao1, HE Yuxin2*, ZHANG Peng1, LIU Chao2, LI Naiwen2, TAN Xiao2,et al.秸秆移除对西南山丘区紫色土抗侵蚀能力的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,39(5):82-88. |
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| 秸秆移除对西南山丘区紫色土抗侵蚀能力的影响 |
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任 涛，贺宇欣，张 鹏，刘 超，李乃稳，谭 霄
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1.四川大学 水利水电学院，成都 610065；2.四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室，成都 610065
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同秸秆移除率对西南山丘区紫色土抗侵蚀能力的影响。【方法】在四川省简阳市进行大田试验，选定5个表征土壤抗侵蚀能力的参数进行测量。试验共设置5个不同梯度的秸秆移除率，依次为100%、75%、50%、25%、0%，并随种植时间进行冬油菜―夏玉米秸秆的移除，测定了土壤质量含水率、干体积质量、水稳性团聚体质量分数、几何平均直径、饱和导水率这5个参数。【结果】表层0～10 cm土层的质量含水率在不同移除率间差异性显著，25%移除率在所有处理中最大。不同移除率干体积质量均随时间减小的趋势，0～5 cm内干体积质量降幅随移除率的减小依次为5.5%、4.6%、2.1%、-5.2%、0.4%，5～10 cm内降幅依次为2.4%、5.0%、4.2%、0.8%、5.4%。25%移除率下的水稳性团聚体质量分数在5组处理中最大，在4次取样时分别为76.5%、81.2%、74.6%、76.8%。移除率为75%、50%、25%时团聚体的几何平均直径随时间增大，而移除率100%时显著下降，降幅随时间依次为31.2%、14.7%、-42.0%。移除率0%时土壤饱和导水率高达61.1 mm/min，与其余移除率间差异性显著。【结论】25%秸秆移除率能提高西南山丘区紫色土抗蚀抗冲能力，土壤持水透气性增强，表面板结固化现象减少，同时团聚体结构得到改善，能在一定程度上缓解水土流失现象，而100%移除率会使紫色土抗蚀能力减弱，更易遭受侵蚀，造成土壤进一步退化。研究成果为我国西南山丘区紫色土耕地进行田间秸秆的移除提供了参考，确定了一个最佳移除比例。 |
| 关键词: 西南山丘区；紫色土；秸秆移除；土壤；可持续发展 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2019317 |
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| The Resistance of Purple Soil Against Erosion Depends on Straw Removal Rate in the Hilly Regions in Southwest China |
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REN Tao1, HE Yuxin2*, ZHANG Peng1, LIU Chao2, LI Naiwen2, TAN Xiao2,REN Tao1, HE Yuxin2*, ZHANG Peng1, LIU Chao2, LI Naiwen2, TAN Xiao2,REN Tao1, HE Yuxin2*, ZHANG Peng1, LIU Chao2, LI Naiwen2, TAN Xiao2,et al
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1.College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The hilly areas in mountainous region in southwest China are a unique terrain, the soil in which is dominated by purple soil. Over the past decades these areas have suffered serious water and soil losses due to erosion. Crop straw is a byproduct of agricultural production. It can provide nutrients the crops needs, but could also cause environmental pollution and soil degradation if managed badly. Improving straw management is hence essential to develop sustainable agriculture.【Objective】The overarching objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of straw removal after harvest on resistance of the purple soil against erosion in these hilly areas.【Method】 The field experiment was conducted at Jianyang city in Sichuan province. We measured five soil parameters in the experiment: soil moisture, dry volumetric soil mass, mass fraction, geometric mean diameter of water-stable aggregates, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, to represent the resistance of the soil against erosion. We compared five straw removal rates: 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%; the straws of winter rape and summer maize were removed during the planting time.【Result】The soil moisture content in the top 0~10 cm soil layer varied with the straw removal rate, peaking when the removal rate was 25%. The dry volumetric soil mass decreased as time elapsed. The ultimate decrease for the five removal rates was 5.5%, 4.6%, 2.1%, -5.2% and 0.4% in the top 0~5 cm soil, and 0.4%, 2.4%, 5.0%, 4.2%, 0.8% and 5.4% in the 5~10 cm soil, respectively. The mass fraction of the water-stable aggregates was highest when the removal rate was 25%, being 76.5%, 81.2%, 74.6% and 76.8% at the four sampling time points. When the removal rate was 75%, 50% or 25%, the average geometric diameter of the aggregates increased monotonically with time. When the removal rate was 100%, the average geometric diameter of the aggregates at three sampling time points increased by 31.2%, 14.7% and -42.0%, respectively, compared to the control. When the removal rate was 0%, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil was 61.1mm/min, differing significantly from other removal rates.【Conclusion】Removing 25% of crop straws improved resistance of the soil against erosion in the hilly areas. It also increased soil aggregation and hydraulic conductivity, while in the meantime reduced soil crusting thereby increasing water infiltration and soil moisture. Removing 100% of straws made the soil susceptible to erosion and degradation. The results presented in this paper are helpful for understanding the impact of straw management on resistance of soil against water and soil erosion in hilly areas in southwest China. |
| Key words: southwest hilly region; purple soil; straw removal; soil; sustainable development |
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