| 摘要: |
| 【目的】缓解华北平原淡水资源匮乏与冬小麦高耗水的矛盾，解决当地水资源利用率低的问题。【方法】以济麦22为试验材料，在条带种植微喷带灌溉设置了4个灌水量处理：在小麦拔节期、灌浆初期、灌浆中期（灌浆期5月下旬）3个生育时期设灌水15 mm（W1）、22.5 mm（W2）、30 mm（W3）、37.5 mm（W4），以等行距种植常规地面畦灌在拔节期和灌浆初期各灌60 mm为对照（CK），分析了不同灌溉处理的耗水特性、籽粒产量及水分利用特征。【结果】小麦生育期内总耗水量在306.46~399.4 mm，W1、W2、W3、W4处理和CK土壤水占总耗水的比例分别为44.2%、42.97%、41.24%、40.15%和38.41%；随着灌水量的增加，灌溉水占总耗水的比例增加；冬小麦拔节至灌浆初期耗水量最大，占全生育期的45.33%~53.68%，条带种植模式各处理在播种至灌浆初期耗水所占比重较大，CK则在灌浆初期至成熟期较大。微喷带灌溉条件下冬小麦籽粒产量随着灌水量的增加而增加，W4处理产量最高达9 682.66 kg/hm2；W3处理的水分利用率最高，比CK提高了7.54%。【结论】微喷带灌溉灌水量在135~157.5 mm，耗水量在367.5~400 mm时，冬小麦能获得最高的产量和水分利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦；微喷带灌溉；灌水量；耗水特性；产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of micro-sprinkling hoses irrigation on Yield and water consumption of Winter Wheat under strip planting mode |
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songxinyue
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Hebei Agriculyure University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】As the main winter wheat producing area, Hebei Plain has a decisive position in national food security and economic development.Affected by climatic conditions, rainfall in this area is mainly concentrated in July and August, which cannot meet the water required for wheat growth, and supplementary irrigation is needed. In production, groundwater extraction is often used for flood irrigation, which results in low water resource utilization rate, serious over exploitation of groundwater, and serious waste of water resources. Therefore, the development of water-saving irrigation technology has become an important way to achieve sustainable agricultural development.【Objective】The objective of this study was to alleviate the contradiction between scarcity of fresh water resources and the high water consumption of Winter Wheat in North China Plain, and solve the problem of low utilization rate of local water resources.【Method】Field experiments were conducted with winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 during 2019 growing seasons. Five irrigation treatments were designed: 15 mm (W1), 22.5 mm (W2), 30 mm(W3), 37.5 mm(W4) were irrigated with strip planting micro sprinkling hoses at the jointing stage, the early stage of grain filling and the middle stage of grain filling (late May). CK, 60 mm at the jointing stage and the early stage of grain filling in the same row spacing conventional ground border irrigation. The water consumption characteristics, grain yield and water use characteristics of different irrigation treatments were evaluated.【Result】The total water consumption in wheat growth period was 306.46~399.4 mm. The proportion of soil water consumption of W1, W2, W3, W4 and CK was 44.2%, 42.97%, 41.24%, 40.15% and 38.41% respectively; with the increasing of irrigation amount, the proportion of irrigation water in the total water consumption increased; The water consumption of winter wheat was the largest from jointing to early filling stage, accounting for 45.33%~53.68% of the total growth stage. In different treatments under strip planting mode, water consumption from sowing to the early stage of grouting accounts for a large proportion of the total water consumption. But in CK, the proportion from the early stage of grouting to the mature stage was larger. Under the condition of micro-sprinkling hoses irrigation, the grain yield of winter wheat increased with increasing irrigation amount. The maximum yield was 9682.66 kg/hm2 in W4. The water use efficiency of W3 was the highest, increased by 7.54% compared with CK.【Conclusion】Therefore, as far as high-yield and high-water use efficiency in this experimental, the most appropriate treatment for recommendation was the one which the irrigation amount of micro-sprinkling hoses is 135~157.5 mm and the water consumption is 367.5~400 mm. |
| Key words: winter wheat; micro-sprinkling hoses irrigation; irrigation amount; water consumption characteristics; yield |
