| 摘要: |
| 【目的】提高马铃薯产量和水分利用效率。【方法】通过大田试验研究了覆盖方式（玉米整秆带状覆盖平作（SM）、黑膜双垄沟覆盖（PM）、露地平作（CK））对当地典型早熟“LK99”、中熟“克新1号”和晚熟“青薯9号”马铃薯土壤水热状况、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】与CK相比，覆盖（SM、PM处理）可显著降低各品种马铃薯全生育期耗水量（11.0%~19.0%），分别提高早、中、晚熟马铃薯出苗至成熟期0~200 cm土壤贮水量24.6、29.5和48.9 mm，且SM和PM处理土壤贮水量在同一品种上无显著差异。PM处理早、中、晚熟马铃薯全生育期5~25 cm土壤平均温度较CK分别提高1.6、1.6和1.4 ℃，而SM处理在各品种上均低于CK。与CK相比，覆盖可显著提高马铃薯各品种单薯鲜质量和商品薯率；马铃薯干薯产量和水分利用效率分别比CK提高21.6%~51.4%和44.2%~77.1%。SM处理在早、晚熟品种上取得与PM处理相近的产量和水分利用效率，但在中熟品种上，SM处理的产量和水分利用效率均显著低于PM处理。【结论】综合马铃薯品种熟性、水热利用状况和产量等因素，SM处理是一种高产高效的种植方式，能显著提高马铃薯产量和水分利用效率。但在旱作区，若要获得更高的产量和水分利用效率，应注意马铃薯品种熟性与覆盖方式的科学搭配。 |
| 关键词: 玉米整秆带状覆盖；地膜覆盖；马铃薯；土壤水热；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2019452 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Soil Moisture-temperature and Tuber Yield of Potato Cultivars with Different Maturities |
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MA Jiantao, CHEN Yuzhang, CHENG Hongbo, LAN Xuemei, LI Yawei, LI Rui, CHAI Yuwei, CHANG Lei, CHAI Shouxi
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1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Agricultural University College of Agronomy, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2. Gansu Agricultural University College of Bioscience and Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】We aimed to deeply investigate the effects of mulching patterns on soil moisture-temperature and tuber yield of potato cultivars with different maturities under semiarid rain-fed ecosystem.【Method】The effects of mulching practices (whole maize straw strips mulching-SM, plastic film mulching-PM, traditional flat-planting -CK)on the soil water and heat status, tuber yield and water use efficiency of potato in local typical cultivars of early maturing (EMC, LK99), medium maturing (MMC, Kexin 1) and late maturing (LMC, Qingshu 9) were studied by open field experiments.【Result】Compared with CK, both SM and PM treatments significantly reduced the water consumption of all cultivars of potato during the whole growth stage by 11.0%～19.0%, and the soil water storage capacity of SM and PM increased on average by 24.6, 29.5 and 48.9 mm from the EMC, MMC and LMC, respectively, and there was no significant difference in soil water storage capacity between SM and PM in the same potato cultivar. Compared with CK, The average soil temperature with PM treatment of 5～25 cm soil layer during the whole growth stage of EMC, MMC and LMC was 1.6, 1.6 and 1.4 ℃higher, while the average soil temperature with SM was slightly (P>0.05) lower than that of CK in all potato cultivars. SM and PM significantly increased the fresh weight of single tuber and commodity rate in all potato cultivars, and thus the drying tuber yield of all potato cultivars and water use efficiency (WUED) were 21.6%～51.4% and 44.2%～77.1% higher than that of CK, respectively. The tuber yield and WUED of SM were similar to those of PM in EMC and LMC, but in MMC, both tuber yield and WUED of SM were significantly lower than those of PM.【Conclusion】Based on factors such as potato cultivar maturity, soil thermal-moisture utilization and tuber yield of potato, SM is a kind of clean production mode with high-yield and high-efficiency. It can significantly improve potato yield and water use efficiency. However, in order to obtain higher yield and water use efficiency in dryland area, a scientific combination of different potato cultivars maturities and mulching pattern is needed. |
| Key words: whole maize straw strips mulching; plastic film mulching; potato; soil moisture-temperature; tuber yield |
