| 引用本文: | 韩瑞,姚宇阗,尚辉,等.微生物基覆盖材料对新垦滨海盐土理化性质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| HAN Rui,YAO Yutian,SHANG Hui,et al.微生物基覆盖材料对新垦滨海盐土理化性质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 微生物基覆盖材料对新垦滨海盐土理化性质的影响 |
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韩瑞1, 姚宇阗2, 尚辉3, 张 弛1, 郑金海1, 陈立华1
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1.河海大学;2.江苏省沿海开发集团有限公司;3.江苏省沿海开发东台有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 微生物菌丝能够固结有机物物料形成封闭的覆盖物，实现对土壤的有效覆盖。【目的】减少海涂土壤蒸发、增加水分入渗、促进土壤团粒结构形成和稳定，有利于减少表层土壤盐分累积，加快盐分洗脱速率。【方法】设置原始匡围滩涂处理（RCS，滩涂匡围完成后不进行人为处理）、常规处理（CVT，淡水洗盐+牛粪堆肥，牛粪堆施用量为4500 kg/hm2）、田菁处理（SES，常规处理+田菁种植，田菁播种量为18 kg/hm2）和微生物基覆盖材料（Microbiological Covering Materials，MCMs）处理（MCT，田菁处理+微生物基覆盖材料，覆盖量7500 kg/hm2），研究了不同农艺措施对滨海重盐土壤理化性状及盐分迁移影响。【结果】相较于SES处理，MCT处理单位面积田菁生物量增加75.83 %。相较于原始匡围滩涂（RCS）处理，MCT处理表层土壤（0～10 cm）田间持水率增加了25.23 %；0～10 cm、10～20 cm和20～30 cm土层土壤质量含水率分别增加了37.34%、36.17%和19.67%，体积质量分别降低了9.52 %、9.46 %和8.67 %，毛管孔隙度分别增加了14.55 %、13.33 %和10.54%，有效磷量分别增加了1.61、2.98和2.81倍，速效钾量分别增加了1.86倍、90.08 %和6.00 %，有机质量分别增加了5.06、5.94和3.72倍，可溶性盐量分别降低了87.25 %、85.44 %和77.12 %。【结论】MCMs覆盖显著增加了田菁的生物量、改善了土壤性状、增加土壤养分、加速土层盐分垂向迁移、增加降水入渗。因此，微生物基覆盖材料的使用可以加快滨海滩涂重盐土土壤中盐分的洗脱速率，促进耐盐植物生长，有利于滩涂生态建设。 |
| 关键词: 滨海滩涂;微生物基覆盖材料;重盐土;土壤理化性状;田菁 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S156.4 |
| 基金项目:江苏省重点研发项目(BE2018736)；国家自然科学基金项目(41701304)；江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目（KYCX20_0553）；中央高校基本科研业务(2018B49114)；南京市科技计划项目(201805047) |
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| Effect of Microbiological Covering Material on Physical and Chemical Features in New Reclaiming Coastal Area |
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HAN Rui1, YAO Yutian2, SHANG Hui3, ZHANG Chi1, ZHENG Jinhai1, CHEN Lihua1
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1.Hohai University;2.Jiangsu Province Costal Development Co Ltd;3.Jiangsu Province Costal Development DongTai Co Ltd
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Coastal tidal flat is an ecological system with multiple functions in nature and an important carrier of coastal environment regulation. China's tidal flat is rich in resources; part of the shoreline is silty tidal flat. The tidal flat soil is mostly sodium chloride salt soil, which is rich in soluble salt content, lack of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus content and soil biomass, and poor in structure. The ecological function of tidal flat is poor. Tidal flat land is the reserve land resource in China, which is of great significance to ecological construction of tidal flat area.【Objective】The ecological construction of the coastal beach is beneficial for coastal areas, but high salinity of the soil in coastal area is not conducive for soil development and plant growth.Control of soil evaporation and water infiltration, increase formation of soil aggregate, decrease of salt accumulation and acceleration of salt elution rate in soil are conducive to the establishment of plant seedlings and the normal growth of plants, which is essential for vegetation construction. Fungi hypha can connect separated organic materials such as straw forming a whole thing. Fungi hypha can consolidate organic materials to form a closed covering, which can effectively cover the soil preventing evaporation. 【Method】Four treatments were set in this experiment, including reclaimed coastal soil treatment (RCS), conventional treatment (CVT), Sesbania cannabina treatment (SES), and Microbiological Covering Materials (MCMs) treatment (MCT). The effects of MCMs on the physical and chemical features and salt migration of coastal heavy saline soil, as well as on the growth status and biomass of S. cannabina was studied in the experiment. 【Result】Results showed that MCMs significantly increased biomass of S. cannabina (P<0.05), compared to SES treatment, S. cannabina biomass of MCT treatment increased by 75.83%. Compared to Reclaimed Coastal Soil（RCS） treatment, the field moisture capacity of the surface soil (0～10 cm) treated with MCT increased by 25.23%. The bulk density of MCT treatment for 0～10 cm, 10～20 cm and 20～30 cm soil decreased by 9.52 %, 9.46 % and 8.67 % respectively, as compared to RCS treatment, and the soil water content increased by 37.34%, 36.17% and 19.67%, the capillary porosity increased by 14.55%, 13.33% and 10.54% respectively. For MCT treatment, content of available P increased by 1.61, 2.98 and 2.81 times, the available K increased by 1.86 times, 90.08 % and 6.00 %, and the organic matter content increased by 5.06, 5.94 and 3.72 times respectively, as comparing to RCS treatment. Compared to RCS treatment, soluble salt content for MCT treatment were decreased by 87.25 %, 85.44% and 77.12% respectively in 0～10 cm, 10～20 cm and 20～30 cm soil. 【Conclusion】Under action of MCT, water conduction of surface soil and precipitation infiltration increase and soil evaporation reduces, which has great potential to prevent the soil from secondary salinization. The study shows that MCMs significantly increases biomass of S. cannabina, soil nutrients content, and accelerates salt migration rate in soil, which contribute to the ecological construction of the beach. |
| Key words: coastal area; microbiological covering materials; saline soil; soil physical and chemical features; Sesbania cannabina |
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