| 摘要: |
| 【目的】实现小麦生产高产高效。【方法】以强筋小麦烟农21号为研究对象，设置漫灌、小型微喷灌、大型微喷灌、高架微喷及滴灌5种灌溉模式，研究了相同灌水量条件下，不同灌溉模式对小麦干物质、氮磷积累、转运及吸收利用以及产量、经济效益的影响。【结果】不同灌溉模式对小麦干物质累积与转移具有显著影响，滴灌模式下小麦花前干物质累积量较其他灌溉模式高38.0%～59.2%。滴灌模式下小麦转移干物质对籽粒贡献率较漫灌、小型微喷、大型微喷、高架微喷灌溉模式分别高104.8%、421.0%、129.0%、126.8%。小麦氮磷积累、转移方面，滴灌模式下小麦氮磷花前累积量、转移量、转移氮磷对籽粒贡献率均显著高于其他灌溉模式。滴灌模式下小麦产量及经济效益显著高于其他灌溉模式。小型微喷、大型微喷、高架微喷、滴灌灌溉模式经济效益较漫灌模式分别高25.0%、23.4%、25.4%、77.0%。【结论】在灌水量相同的情况下建议首选滴灌模式，其次为高架微喷模式，可以促进小麦养分吸收利用，提高小麦产量、经济效益，适于小麦进行补充灌溉。 |
| 关键词: 灌溉；干物质积累；养分吸收；产量；经济效益；小麦 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2019279 |
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| Effects of Different Irrigation Modes on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Economic Benefit of Wheat |
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ZHANG Guangyan, LI Junliang, XU Liangju, JIN Shengai
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Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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| Abstract: |
| Our aim is to select the optimal irrigation model and provide theoretical guidance and data support for the realization of high efficiency of grain production at the same time.【Method】In this experiment, the strong gluten wheat Yannong No. 21 was taken as the research object, and we set five irrigation modes, including diffuse irrigation, small micro-spray irrigation, large micro-spray irrigation, elevated micro-spray irrigation and drip irrigation. The effects of different irrigation modes on dry matter accumulation, transport, absorption and utilization, yield and economic benefit of wheat were studied.【Result】Different irrigation modes had significant effects on the accumulation and transfer of dry matter in wheat, and the accumulation of dry matter before flowering in wheat under drip irrigation mode was 38.0%~59.2% higher than that under other irrigation modes. The contribution rate of transferred dry matter to grains in drip irrigation model was 104.8%, 421.0%, 129.0% and 126.8% higher than that in the model of diffuse irrigation, the model of small micro-spraying, the model of large micro-spraying and the model of overhead micro-spraying. In terms of nitrogen and phosphorus，all of the accumulation, transfer and the contribution rates of nitrogen (phosphorus) accumulation in wheat under drip irrigation were significantly higher than those in other irrigation models. The yield and economic benefit of wheat under drip irrigation were significantly higher than other irrigation models. In addition, the economic benefits of small micro-spraying, large micro-spraying, elevated micro-spraying and drip irrigation were 25.0%, 23.4%, 25.4% and 77.0% higher than that of the flood irrigation.【Conclusion】Therefore, under the condition of the same irrigation amount, it is recommended to choose drip irrigation mode, followed by elevated micro-spraying mode, which can promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients in wheat, improve wheat yield and economic benefits, and is suitable for wheat planting in dry areas. |
| Key words: irrigation ; dry matter accumulation; nutrient absorption; yield; economic benefit; wheat |
