| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析海河流域农田氮磷面源污染及对水质影响的空间分布特征，并识别关键源区，以期为该流域面源污染治理提供参考依据。【方法】基于InVEST营养物传输率模型和产水量模型，估算了海河流域农田氮磷入河负荷、河流断面氮磷入河通量和潜在氮磷径流质量浓度，结合GIS空间热点分析、水文网络分析识别面源污染关键源区。【结果】海河流域2015年氮磷入河负荷分别为2.41 kg/hm2和0.56 kg/hm2，入河总量达3.493 4万t和0.807 7万t，潜在氮、磷径流质量浓度分别为5.97、1.47 mg/L，约55%的河段超过地表V类水质TN、TP标准。农田氮磷污染呈明显的沿西北部山区向中南部平原方向上升的分布特征；农田氮磷入河负荷和潜在氮磷径流质量浓度的空间分布差异明显，前者高值分布在徒骇马颊河水系、漳卫河水系、子牙河水系，后者高值分布在徒骇马颊河全线、黑龙港运东河中下游、大清河支流和子牙河上游部分河段；流域水系上游或支流的潜在氮磷径流质量浓度普遍高于干流。热点区面积分别占14.45%、16.02%，贡献入河总量的23.39%、27.71%。【结论】海河流域农田氮磷面源污染较严重，西北部山区地区的污染程度高于中南部平原地区，以流域中南部、石家庄和秦皇岛的周边地区为关键源区。 |
| 关键词: 水文；模型；农田面源污染；氮磷负荷；关键源区 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X52 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0800906） |
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| Spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus from farmland non-point sources pollution and identification of critical source areas in the Haihe River Basin |
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zhangqiaoling1,2,3,4,2,3,5, huhaitang6
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1.Xi&2.amp;3.#39;4.&5.an university of science and technology;6.Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture Beijing
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The Haihe River Basin is one of the most severely polluted river basins in China, and non-point source pollution from agriculture is an important souce.【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis for controlling the non-point source pollution in the Haihe River basin, this paper analyses the spatial characteristic of non-point sources pollution and the effect on water quality, and identifies the critical source areas of non-point pollution.【Method】Based on the InVEST model, the export load of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus (P) from farmland, the export of N and P flux at river section, and the potential runoff concentrations of N and P were calculated. GIS spatial hotspot analysis and hydrological network analysis methods were used to identify the critical source areas.【Result】(1) The export load of N and P was 2.41 mg/L, 0.56mg/L in 2015, the tatal export load of N and P were 3.4934 million tons and 0.8077 million tons. The average potential runoff concentrations of N and P was 5.97 mg/L, 1.47 mg/L, 55% rivers exceeded the Surface Water Class V Standard. (2) The export load of N and P from farmland were relatively low in the mountain areas while high in the middle plain regions. The spatial distribution of export load of N and P from farmland and potential runoff concentrations of N and P were different, the former mainly distributed in the Tuhaimajia River, Zhang Wei River and Ziya River systems, and the latter mainly distributed in the Tuhaimajia River, in the middle and lower reaches of Heilonggang River, the tributaries of Da Qing River and in upstream Ziya River systems. The potential runoff concentrations of N and P in upstream or the tributaries of basin were higher than main stream. (3) The hotspots area of N and P export load covered 14.45% and 16.02% respectively. The total export of N and P contribute 23.39% and 27.71%.【Conclusion】Non-point source pollution from farmland is more serious in the Haihe River Basin. The mountainous areas in the northwest are more polluted than the plains in the central and southern regions. The central and southern areas of the basin, the surrounding areas of Shijiazhuang and Qinhuangdao are the critical source areas. |
| Key words: hydrological network; InVEST model; non-point source pollution from farmland; the export load of N and P; critical source areas identification |
