| 引用本文: | 郭彬,莫彦,吴忠东,等.覆膜与水分控制对宁夏设施滴灌番茄产量与品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| guobin,moyan,wuzhongdong,et al.覆膜与水分控制对宁夏设施滴灌番茄产量与品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 覆膜与水分控制对宁夏设施滴灌番茄产量与品质的影响 |
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郭彬1, 莫彦2, 吴忠东1, 张彦群2, 龚贻螣3, 龚时宏2, 王建东4, 李巧灵2
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1.山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院;2.中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所;3.中资海外咨询有限公司;4.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索宁夏设施滴灌番茄覆膜的效果和适宜的灌溉制度，为宁夏地区设施滴灌番茄节水高产种植提供理论依据。【方法】通过2a试验，在覆膜（M）与不覆膜（NM）条件下，设定4种水分控制水平，灌水频率为7～10d，W1、W2和W3处理的灌水上限分别为100% FC（田间持水率）、80% FC和70% FC，以当地灌水量为对照（CK，灌水上限为123% FC），研究了覆膜和水分控制对设施滴灌番茄生长、产量、品质与水分生产效率的影响。【结果】番茄株高和茎粗在苗期―开花坐果期生长迅速，受覆膜处理影响显著（P<0.01），受水分控制影响不显著（P＞0.05）。随着灌水量的增加，番茄产量先增加后降低，W2M处理的产量和水分生产效率均为最大值，分别为89 844.88 kg/hm2和502.5 kg/（hm2·mm），相比CKM处理分别增加21.4%和63.7%。相比于不覆膜处理，覆膜番茄产量平均增加18.1%，差异达到显著水平（P<0.05），其还原性维生素C和可溶性固形物量分别提高28.9%和22.8%（P<0.05）。覆膜和水分控制均对番茄还原性维生素C量、可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖量的影响达到显著水平（P<0.01），覆膜处理还对可滴定酸量和糖酸比的影响达到显著水平（P<0.05）。【结论】对于宁夏设施滴灌番茄，采用覆膜栽培与80% FC的灌水上限可以获得较高产量和较好品质。 |
| 关键词: 覆膜；滴灌；灌水上限；产量；番茄品质 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S641.2 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| Effects of Film Mulching and Water Control on Yield and Quality of Tomato under Protected Drip Irrigation in Ningxia |
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guobin1, moyan2, wuzhongdong1, zhangyanqun2, gongyiteng3, gongshihong2, wangjiandong4, liqiaoling2
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1.School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology;2.Department of irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;3.CIECC Overseas Consulting co., Ltd;4.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Tomato is a typical vegetable in Ningxia, and drip irrigation technology is widely used in greenhouse tomato cultivation. However, the local over irrigation situation is common, causing waste of water resources and environmental pollution. At the same time, there are disputes about plastic film mulching. The problem of water resources utilization and film mulching is the key to the development of sustainable agriculture. 【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the appropriate water control and the necessity of film mulching for drip irrigation tomato in Ningxia province, and to provide a theoretical basis for water-saving and high-yield cultivation of tomato in Ningxia. 【Method】Tomato was taken as the research object under the condition of solar greenhouse. Through two years of field experiments were conducted, including film mulched (M) and non-mulched (NM) tomato and four water control levels (W1: upper limit is 100% FC (Field capacity), W2: upper limit is 80% FC, W3: upper limit is 70% FC, CK: local irrigation schedule, upper limit is 123% FC). 【Result】The plant height and stem diameter of tomato grew rapidly from seedling stage to flowering and fruit setting stage, which were significantly affected by film mulching (P<0.01), but not significantly affected by water control (P>0.05). With the increase of irrigation amount, tomato yield first increased and then decreased. The yield and water use efficiency of W2M treatment were 89 844.8.8 kg/hm2 and 502.5 kg/(hm2·mm) respectively, which were significantly increased by 21.4% and 63.7% compared with CKM treatment. Compared with the non-mulched treatment, the average yield of film mulched tomato increased by 18.1%, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The reducing vitamin C and soluble solid content of the film mulched tomato were significantly increased by 28.9% and 22.8% respectively, compared with the non-mulched treatment (P<0.05). The effects of water control and film mulching on reducing vitamin C, soluble solids and total soluble sugar of tomato were significant (P<0.01), and the effects of film mulching on titratable acid and sugar acid ratio were significant (P<0.05) , the total soluble sugar content increased by 4.2% ～ 8.2%, and the difference was significant in CK and W3 treatment (P<0.05), the titratable acid content was decreased by 37% and the sugar acid ratio was average It increased by 48.9%. The soluble solid content and sugar acid ratio of W2M treatment were the highest, which were significantly increased by 12.3% and 8.5% compared with CK. The effects of film mulching on soluble sugar and soluble acid content were significant (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】For the greenhouse drip irrigation tomato in Ningxia, high yield and good quality can be obtained by using film mulched cultivation and the irrigation upper limit of 80% FC. |
| Key words: film mulched drip irrigation; non-mulched drip irrigation; irrigation upper limit; yield; the quality of tomato |
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