| 摘要: |
| 【目的】确定宝山农场合理的农业引江灌溉模式，为区域水资源优化配置提供科学依据。【方法】针对松花江流域引江灌溉产生的地表水和地下水的综合开发利用问题，利用三江平原水文地质资料和宝山农场地下水水位长系列实测资料对MODFLOW-2000模型进行了参数识别、验证及模型敏感性分析，并模拟分析了4种情景对宝山农场地下水水位的影响。【结果】构建的地下水模拟模型能够反映灌区井群地下水位的实际变化过程。敏感性分析表明，长序列地下水变化过程及地下水位分布情况受初始地下水位影响很小；说明当研究区域内利用地下水灌溉及部分地区（沿江10 km）采用引江水灌溉模式时，地下水资源基本上可以维持供采平衡，在保证地下水合理开采的前提下不会发生内涝；而研究区域内均采用引江灌溉模式则会使地下水位-抬高导致内涝，内涝情况随着与河道距离的增加而愈发严重。【结论】引江水灌溉时，需加强对地下水位的观测，当地下水位过高时，应减少引江灌溉用水，适当增加地下水抽取量进行灌溉，以保障研究区地下水和地表水的高效利用。 |
| 关键词: 地下水；MODFLOW-2000；引江灌溉；采补平衡 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S24 |
| 基金项目:中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所基本科研业务费项目-FIRI20210203,中国农业科学院创新工程--黄淮海冬小麦-夏玉米集约高效用水技术创新与应用 |
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| Study on Water Diversion Irrigation Mode in Baoshan Farm Based on Groundwater Dynamic Simulation |
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jiayanhui
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Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, CAAS
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Groundwater is not only an essential regional water resource but also a key factor affecting the ecology of the irrigation area. It is of great significance to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing elements for the sustainable development and utilization of regional groundwater and to maintain the ecological groundwater level.In the process of "transformation of dry land into paddy field" in Sanjiang Plain, the rice planting area has increased from 266700 hm2 to 1733300 hm2. The demand for irrigation is increasing day by daywith the exploitation of groundwater orwater from the Songhua River.The overuse of water resources resulting inthe occurrence of groundwater depression funnel and waterlogging in many areas. The study area is located in Baoshan farm, which is in the upper reaches of SanjiangPlain.It is close to the piedmont and has good water supply conditions.The farm has been used to irrigating by groundwater since the establishment in 1970.In 1992, the Baoshanfarmwas changed from dry land to the paddy field gradually, and since then the groundwater level has fluctuated for more than 20 years. With the development of the water diversion project of Baoshan farm, the groundwater will form a new balance.
【Objective】With the continuous expansion of irrigation area and scope of paddy field in Sanjiang Plain, the water demand is also increasing, which makes the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources intensified. Making full use of river water, through the joint use of surface water and groundwater, can fundamentally solve the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the study area. It is necessary to find a reasonable irrigation mode of agricultural water diversion to prevent waterlogging caused by the change of irrigation water source in Baoshan farm and to provide a scientific basis for the optimal allocation of regional water resources.
【Method】Aiming at the joint operation problems caused by water diversion irrigation in Songhua River Basin, the parameters identification, validation and sensitivity analysis of Modflow-2000 were carried out by using the hydrogeological data of Sanjiang Plain and long-term measured data of groundwater level in Baoshan farm. The influence of four irrigation modes on the groundwater level of Baoshan farm was simulated and analyzed.【Result】The developed model can reflect the actual changing process of groundwater level in the irrigation area. The sensitivity analysis showed that the initial groundwater level had little influence on the long-term groundwater variation process. When irrigating with the groundwater and partially adopting the water diversion irrigation mode (10 km along the river) in the study area, the supply and exploitation of groundwater can maintain the balance, and there would not be waterlogging under the premise of ensuring the reasonable exploitation of groundwater. However, suppose the river diversion irrigation mode is adopted in the whole study area. In that case, the groundwater level will be high, and the waterlogging will become more and more severe with the increase of the watercourse. 【Conclusion】In order to ensure the efficient utilization of groundwater and surface water in the study area, it is necessary to strengthen the observation of groundwater level and to adjust water management measures when necessary. |
| Key words: Groundwater; MODFLOW-2000; Water diversion irrigation; Balance of groundwater between exploitation and recharge |
