| 引用本文: | 刘德利,吴文勇,肖娟,等.不同灌溉施肥时机对稻田肥料分布和水稻生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| Liu Deli,Wu Wenyong,Xiao Juan,et al.不同灌溉施肥时机对稻田肥料分布和水稻生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为探索水肥耦合灌溉方式下最佳的灌溉施肥时机。【方法】设置4个处理，分别为撒施（CK）、灌水0~2 h内灌液体肥（T1）、灌水2~4 h内灌液体肥（T2）和灌水4~6 h内灌液体肥料（T3），研究水肥耦合灌溉方式下不同施肥时机对稻田肥料分布均匀性、水稻农艺性状、产量及水分利用率的影响。【结果】在相同施肥量与灌水量条件下，T1处理在肥料分布均匀度、分蘖数、产量、水分利用率方面均高于其他处理（p<0.05）；施肥后第3天CK田间氨氮及硝氮含量才达到最高，而其他水肥耦合处理均为第1天氨氮及硝氮含量最高且在肥料分布均匀度方面较CK高5.63%~21.65%；孕穗期后各处理株高比CK增加6.37%~6.53%；在分蘖数和干物质方面，T1处理较其他处理分别高11.25%~23.17%和5.75%~8.48%；在产量和水分利用率方面，T1处理较其他处理分别高13.73%~17.46%和14.15%~17.47%。【结论】从肥料分布均匀度与增产节水效益方面考虑，灌水0~2小时期间液施处理（T1）是最佳的施肥时机。 |
| 关键词: 稻田;灌溉;施肥时机;水稻产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.3 |
| 基金项目:1.国家重点研发计划项目“东北粮食主产区高效节水灌溉技术与设备”；所属专项“水资源高效开发利用灌溉”；课题名称“多水源优化调度配置技术与方法”(2016YFC0400102)2.山西省重点研发计划项目“基于智慧农业管控系统的温室蔬菜水、肥、气、热、光精准调控技术研究”2019-09至2022-09,在研,主持；(201903D221058) |
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| Effects of different irrigation and fertilization timings on the distribution of fertilizers in rice fields and rice growth |
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Liu Deli1,2,3, Wu Wenyong3, Xiao Juan1, Niu Xiaoyu1
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1.School of Water Conservancy Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology;2.Shanxi;3.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】China is one of the major rice-growing countries in the world, and its planting technology has reached the world's advanced level. With the improvement of rice planting technology, the large input of fertilizer resources also brings great risks to the environment. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer can lead to eutrophication of flowing water, massive greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater pollution. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve fertilizer utilization rate and environmental protection with a reasonable fertilization method. Different from the fertilization methods of dry field, paddy field has surface water layer in the growth period, and different irrigation and fertilization methods have great influence on the distribution of water and nitrogen in paddy field. Previous studies on rice growth focused on the coupling of water and nitrogen, but most of them focused on the impact of water and fertilizer amount on rice growth, and fertilization still adopted the traditional sprinkling method. This experiment adopts the integration of water and fertilizer, therefore, research on different time to use liquid fertilizers compared with the traditional way of broadcasting on paddy fertilizer distribution uniformity and the influence of agronomic traits of rice, in order to further explore the influence of different coupling model of rice water physiological characteristics, for rice field water management and provide theoretical basis for production practice.【Objective】In order to explore the best opportunity of irrigation fertilization under the water-fertilizer coupled irrigation mode.【Method】Four treatments were set for the farmland, namely, sprinkling (CK), liquid fertilizer during 0-2 hours of irrigation (T1), liquid fertilizer during 2-4 hours of irrigation (T2), and liquid fertilizer during 4-6 hours of irrigation (T3). The effects of different fertilization timing on the uniformity of fertilizer distribution, agronomic characters, yield and water use efficiency of rice were studied under water-fertilizer coupled irrigation.【Results】Under the condition of the same amount of fertilizer and irrigation amount, T1 treatment was higher than other treatments in terms of fertilizer distribution uniformity, tiller number, yield and water utilization ratio (P <0.05). On the third day after fertilization, CK treatment achieved the highest nitrogen content in the field, while other water-fertilizer coupled treatments had the highest nitrogen content on the first day, and the uniformity of fertilizer distribution was 5.63%~21.65% higher than CK treatment. After booting stage, plant height of each treatment increased by 6.37%~6.53% compared with CK treatment. In terms of tiller number and dry matter, T1 treatment was 11.25%~23.17% and 5.75%~8.48% higher than other treatments, respectively. In terms of yield and water utilization, T1 treatment was 13.73%~17.46% and 14.15%~17.47% higher than other treatments.【Conclusion】Considering the uniformity of fertilizer distribution and the benefits of increasing yield and saving water, the best fertilization time is to apply liquid fertilizer during 0-2 hours of irrigation(T1). |
| Key words: rice field; irrigation; fertilization timing; rice yield |
