| 引用本文: | 李朝阳,王兴鹏,杨玉辉.滴灌带铺设模式对成龄枣树根系再分布及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LI Zhaoyang,WANG Xingpeng,YANG Yuhui.滴灌带铺设模式对成龄枣树根系再分布及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探明长期漫灌改滴灌后适宜的滴灌带铺设模式对成龄枣树根系再分布及产量的影响。【方法】以新疆长期漫灌红枣为研究对象，设置3个滴灌带铺设模式，分别为枣树两侧50（T1）、35（T2）和20 cm（T3）处铺设滴灌带，以漫灌为对照，研究漫灌改滴灌对土壤水分分布、枣树根系再分布及产量的影响。【结果】漫灌改滴灌后，土壤湿润区显著收缩，水分集中在根系聚集区；随着滴灌带铺设距离的增大，土壤湿润区由窄深型演变为宽浅型，有利于红枣根系生长。长期漫灌条件下成龄枣树根系空间分布相对均匀，经过连续2a的滴灌调控， T1、T2、T3处理0~60 cm土层平均根长密度分别比CK增加了32.7%、31.6%和21.4%；水平方向上，T1和T2处理距离树干0~75 cm根长密度较CK提高了20.1%和24.5%，T3处理0~50 cm根长密度较CK提高了25.8%，但50~100 cm下降了15.2%；漫灌改滴灌还可显著提高红枣产量和灌溉水分利用效率，滴灌第2年，T1和T2处理红枣产量分别达到了9 135 kg/hm2和9 107 kg/hm2，分别比CK提高了12.9%和12.5%。【结论】针对新疆长期漫灌红枣改滴灌初期，35或50 cm的滴灌带铺设模式，有利于提高枣树根系的调控和果实产量。 |
| 关键词: 枣树;滴灌;铺设模式;土壤湿润区;根系分布;产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S562；S271.4 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51669032) |
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| Effect of drip irrigation belt laying mode on root redistribution and yield of maturing Jujube |
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LI Zhaoyang, WANG Xingpeng, YANG Yuhui
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1. College of Water Resources And Architecture Engineering,Tarim University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Most jujube trees in Xinjiang are irrigated by flood irrigation, with a large amount of irrigation water, a large amount of water evaporation and deep leakage, resulting in low water use efficiency. At the same time, long-term flood irrigation will cause problems such as soil compaction and secondary salinization, which is unfavorable to the increase of crop growth and yield. Using drip irrigation technology to replace flood irrigation with low water use efficiency will surely become one of the important ways to effectively alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand and improve agricultural water use efficiency in this area.【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of different drip irrigation belt laying modes on root redistribution characteristics and yield of Jujube after long-term diffuse irrigation to drip irrigation.【Methods】The jujube trees with long-term diffuse irrigation in Xinjiang were taken as the research object. Four drip irrigation belts laid modes were set, the belts were laid at 50, 35 and 20 cm respectively on both sides of the jujube tree, and the traditional spread irrigation as the control. Test the range of soil wet zone under different treatments, the distribution of jujube root system and the yield and other indicators. 【Results】After the change from diffuse irrigation to drip irrigation, the soil moist area contracted significantly, and the limited water was more concentrated in the root gathering area. With the increase of the distance between drip irrigation belts, the soil moist area changed from the narrow and deep type to the wide and shallow type, which was conducive to the growth of jujube root system. Under the condition of long-term spread irrigation, the root space distribution of mature Jujube trees was relatively uniform. After 2-years of continuous drip irrigation control, the average root length density in the 0-60 cm soil layer under T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 32.7%,31.6% and 21.4% higher than CK, respectively. In the horizontal direction, the root length density under T1, T2 treatment at the distance of 0-75 cm, T3 treatment at the distance of 0-50cm was 20.1%, 24.5%, and 25.8% higher than that of CK, .the jujube yields under T1 and T2 treatments reached 9 135 kg?hm-2 and 9 107 kg?hm-2, respectively, which were 12.9% and 12.5% higher than those under CK.【Conclusion】Drip irrigation reduces the amount of irrigation water and inhibits the vegetative growth of jujube trees. While ensuring a steady increase in yield, it significantly improves the efficiency of irrigation water production. Aiming at the long-term spread irrigation of Jujube in Xinjiang, appropriately increasing the laying distance of drip irrigation belt in the early stage of the change of drip irrigation is more beneficial to the regulation of jujube root system and the improvement of fruit yield. |
| Key words: jujube tree; drip irrigation; laying mode; moist area of soil; root distribution; production |
