| 引用本文: | 张晋丰,郭雅飞,栗丽,等.山西省小麦种植区土壤养分特征分析[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| ZHANG Jinfeng,GUO Yafei,LI Li,et al.山西省小麦种植区土壤养分特征分析[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 山西省小麦种植区土壤养分特征分析 |
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张晋丰, 郭雅飞, 栗丽, 李廷亮, 刘洋, 陈婷, 王嘉豪, 吕卓呈
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山西农业大学 资源环境学院
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| 摘要: |
| 摘要：【目的】明确山西省小麦种植区土壤养分供应能力，为当地小麦提质增效生产提供理论依据。【方法】依据山西省统计年鉴2018年数据，选取小麦种植面积最大的3个县洪洞县、襄汾县和闻喜县为代表区域，每个县根据土壤类型、地形特征以及种植区划，采集耕层（0～20 cm）土壤样品，分析土壤硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质以及6种微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ni、Se水平。【结果】山西省典型小麦种植区当地耕层土壤硝态氮量在1.9～115.2 mg/kg，平均值为35.14 mg/kg；有效磷量在2.4～88 mg/kg，平均值为26.9 mg/kg；速效钾量在97.1～576.2 mg/kg，平均值为297.9 mg/kg，有机质量在5.61～64.28 g/kg，平均值为21.65 g/kg，总体较第二次土壤普查山西省耕层土壤对应养分数据提高了1.26 %～109.4 %。土壤中6种微量元素也比较丰富，其中Cu范围在16.09～59.71 mg/kg，平均值为30.40 mg/kg；Zn范围为57.88～198 mg/kg，平均值为90.04 mg/kg；Fe范围为2.30 %～6.66 %，平均值为3.76 %；Mn范围在426～926.10 mg/kg，平均值为660.7 mg/kg；Ni范围在23.31～47.75 mg/kg，平均值为34.80 mg/kg；Se范围为0.017～1.354 mg/kg，平均值为0.434 mg/kg；对应较山西省土壤元素背景值提高10.82 %～141.11 %。6种微量元素总体表现为Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Se。相关性分析表明，当地土壤中有机质量与有效磷、全量Se呈极显著相关性。小麦种植区土壤养分县域空间分布差异性表现为3种大量元素上以襄汾县最高，6种微量元素以闻喜县最低。【结论】经过30多年土壤演化与施肥管理，山西省小麦种植区土壤养分数据较全国第二次土壤普查山西省土壤养分数据明显提高，总体来说比较丰富。山西省小麦提质增效生产以及土壤生态环境安全是今后施肥管理过程中需要考虑的重要内容。 |
| 关键词: 小麦种植区；大量元素；有机质；微量元素 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S |
| 基金项目:山西省重点研发计划项目(201703D211001,201803D221005-2),大学生创新创业训练项目(202010113008),国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200401)。 |
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| Soil Nutrient Status in Wheat Planting Areas in Shanxi Province |
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ZHANG Jinfeng, GUO Yafei, LI Li, LI Tingliang, LIU Yang, CHEN Ting, WANG Jiahao, Lv Zhuocheng
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College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract:【Objective】The objective of the study was to clarify the soil nutrient supply capacity in wheat planting area of Shanxi Province and further provide theoretical basis for local wheat production with higher quality and efficiency.【Method】 Three counties, including Hongtong, Xiangfen and Wenxi, were selected as the representative wheat planting areas in the study based on the data of Shanxi Statistical Yearbook 2018,and the soil samples of plough layer (0～20 cm) were collected according to the soil type, topographic feature and distribution of wheat area. The soil nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and six trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni and Se) were analyzed.【Result】The content of soil nitrate nitrogen in typical wheat planting area was 1.9~115.2 mg/kg, with an average value of 35.14 mg/kg; the content of available phosphorus was 2.4~88 mg/kg, with an average value of 26.9 mg/kg; the content of available potassium was 97.1~576.2 mg/kg, with an average value of 297.9 mg/kg, the content of organic matter was 5.61~64.28 g/kg, with an average value of 21.65 g/kg In general, the soil nutrient content in this study were 1.26 %~109.4 % higher than that of the second soil survey of Shanxi Province. The 6 trace elements contents were also relatively abundant in wheat planting area. The content of Cu ranges from 16.09 to 59.71 mg/kg, with an average of 30.40 mg/kg; the content of Zn ranges from 57.88~198 mg/kg ,with an average of 90.04 mg/kg; the content of Fe ranges from 2.30 %~6.66 %,with an average of 3.76 %; the content of Mn ranges from 426 to 926.1 mg/kg, with an average of 660.24 mg/kg; the content of Ni ranges from 23.1 to 47.75 mg/kg, with an average of 34.80 mg/kg; the content of Se ranges from 0.017 to 1.354 mg/kg, with an average of 0.434 mg/kg. The contents of 6 trace elements increased by 10.82 %~141.11 % compared with the background values of soil elements in Shanxi Province, and the sequence of 6 trace element contents was Fe >Mn >Zn >Ni >Cu >Se. there was extremely significant correlation between the organic matter and available phosphorus and total Se in local soil. The spatial distribution of soil nutrients in wheat planting area showed the content of soil nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium of Xiangfen County were the highest, and the content of 6 trace elements of Wenxi County were the lowest.【Conclusion】After more than 30 years of soil evolution and fertilization management, the soil nutrient content in wheat planting area of Shanxi Province was significantly higher than that of second soil survey of Shanxi Province, and the overall content was relatively abundant. The wheat production with high quality and high efficiency, and the safety of soil ecological environment in Shanxi Province are the important contents to be considered in the process of fertilization management in the future. |
| Key words: Wheat cultivation area; major element; Organic matter; trace element |
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