| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为探索气候变暖趋势下，土壤增温对冬小麦生产发育及产量的影响。【方法】试验于2012-2013年在中国农业科学院商丘基地进行，采用埋设于地表以下1.2 m的供热管道给土壤增温，根据实测结果增温处理分为4个，依次距供热管道垂向地面基点水平距离0m（增温8 ℃，T8）、0.5 m（增温6℃，T6）、1.0 m（增温4 ℃，T4）、1.5 m（增温2 ℃，T2）以及5.0m（不增温处理对照，CK）。分析了土壤不同增温处理下冬小麦的根系生长、植株生长发育、产量构成、耗水量及水分利用效率（WUE）等特性特征指标。【结果】在供热管道增温期间，T8、T6、T4和T2的平均地温较CK分别增加约8.0、6.0、4.0和2.0 ℃，最大增温幅度出现在14:00。土壤增温2.0 ℃（T2）有助于冬小麦根系的下扎，增温幅度超过4.0 ℃（T4），则会影响根系生长，冬小麦在分蘖期~返青期的根系主要集中在0~40 cm土层，占总根系量的75%以上。土壤增温加快冬小麦的株高和叶面积指数（LAI）提升，缩短越冬期，提前进入返青拔节阶段，但生长后期均出现了早衰现象，增温幅度越大，早衰现象也越严重，直接影响冬小麦的产量形成。T2的产量、生物量、成穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量均显著高于其它处理，且增温超过4.0 ℃则会显著影响冬小麦的产量结果。从土壤增温对冬小麦耗水量（ET）和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响来看，ET表现为：T2>CK>T4> T6> T8，WUE表现为：T2> T4>CK > T6> T8，但CK的ET和WUE与T4无显著性差异。【结论】目前北方冬小麦栽培品种在越冬期至返青期间适宜的土壤增温（2.0 ℃）有利于后期产量的形成和WUE的提高。 |
| 关键词: 土壤温度；根系分布；产量构成；灌浆速率；水分利用效率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.9 |
| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(FIRI2016-27-02)资助 |
|
ZHANG Caiying, DU Ruiqing, WANG Yan. Effect of season and temperature on treatment of subsurface flow constructed wetland[J]. 2016, 10(4): 1706-1712.
|
|
Li Baiyu
|
|
Qingdao Institute of Technology
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The objective is to explore the effect of soil warming on the development and yield of winter wheat under the climate warming trend.【Method】The experiment were conducted at the Shangqiu Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2012-2013. A heating pipeline buried 1.2 m depth below the soil surface was used to warm the soil. The soil warming treatment was divided into four, and the horizontal distance from the heating pipeline was 0 (soil temperature increase 8 ℃, T8 ), 0.5 m (soil temperature increase 6 ℃, T6), 1.0 m (soil temperature increase 4 ℃, T4) and 1.5 m (soil temperature increase 2 ℃, T2), and one treatment of no soil warming treatment (CK). The root growth, growth characteristics, yield composition, water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat under different soil warming were analyzed. 【Result】(1) The mean soil temperature of T8, T6, T4 and T2 increased by about 8.0, 6.0, 4.0 and 2.0 ℃ respectively compared with CK, and the maximum temperature increase occurred at 14:00. (2) Soil temperature increase of 2.0 ℃ (T2) is helpful for the rooting of winter wheat roots, while increase of more than 4.0 ℃ (T4) will affect root growth. The root system of winter wheat is mainly concentrated in 0~40 cm soil depth, root length density are accounting for more than 75% of the total from the tillering stage to the green stage. (3) Soil warming will cause the winter wheat height and leaf area index (LAI) to increase rapidly after the greening period, but premature aging appeared in the later period. The greater the temperature increase, the more serious the premature aging phenomenon, which directly affects the yield composition of winter wheat. (4) The yield, biological yield, number of spikes, number of spikes per spike, and 1000-grain weight of T2 were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and soil warming increase over 4.0 ℃ would significantly affect the yield composition of winter wheat. (5) Different soil warming gradients have different effects on the water consumption (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat. The performance of ET is: T2>CK>T4> T6> T8, and the performance of WUE is: T2> T4>CK> T6> T8, but the ET and WUE of CK are not significantly different from T4. 【Conclusion】At present, suitable soil temperature increase (2.0 ℃) for northern winter wheat cultivars from overwintering to greening is beneficial to the formation of later yield and the increase of WUE. |
| Key words: soil temperature; root distribution; yield composition; grain filling rate; water use efficiency |
