| 引用本文: | 杨思,张晓琪,徐家瑞,等.灌水时期对冬小麦生长发育及耗水特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| YANG Si,ZHANG Xiao-qi,XU Jia-rui,et al.灌水时期对冬小麦生长发育及耗水特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究灌水时期对冬小麦农艺性状、花后旗叶光合和耗水特性的影响，为晋中水地麦节水灌溉提供理论依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计，以全生育期不灌水为对照（CK），设置7个处理：越冬水（Wo）、拔节水（Wj）、孕穗水（Wb）、越冬水+拔节水（Wo+j）、越冬水+孕穗水（Wo+b）、拔节水+孕穗水（Wj+b）和越冬水+拔节水+孕穗水（Wo+j+b），探讨了灌水时期对冬小麦生长、花后旗叶光合特性、麦田耗水、籽粒产量以及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】与CK相比，抽穗期Wo处理的冬小麦株高、绿叶数、倒二叶叶面积和干物质量分别显著增加28.80%、18.82%、34.67%和45.56%，Wo+b处理分别增加26.12%、6.14%、43.73%和46.38%。推迟灌水可以延缓花后旗叶衰老，Wo+b、Wj+b和Wo+j+b处理可以延长旗叶光合功能期，维持花后较高的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度。越冬水有利于冬小麦利用深层土壤水分，提高灌水利用效率；随灌水量增加，冬小麦耗水量和灌水量占耗水量的比例增加，降水量占耗水量的比例下降，灌水利用效率和灌溉效益降低，籽粒产量增加，水分利用效率先升后降。Wo+b处理能够获得较高产量、水分利用效率、灌水利用效率和灌溉效益，并极大地利用灌水和降水。【结论】在晋中水地麦区，灌溉越冬水+孕穗水可以满足冬小麦生长需水，并同时获得较高的产量和水分利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 灌水时期;冬小麦;农艺性状;光合特性;耗水量;水分利用效率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S512.1+1 |
| 基金项目:国家公益性行业农业科研专项（201503120）、山西特色小麦产业技术创新战略联盟（[2020]17） |
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| Effects of Irrigation Period on Growth and Water Consumption Characteristics of Winter Wheat |
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YANG Si, ZHANG Xiao-qi, XU Jia-rui, LIN Wen, YANG Zhen-ping, GAO Zhi-qiang
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College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】 In Jinzhong wheat area, Water resources are insufficient and water use efficiency is low. To irrigate properly and timely to improve water use efficiency is essential to sustainable production of local wheat. 【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of irrigation period on agronomic characters, flag leaf photosynthesis and water consumption characteristics of winter wheat. 【Method】A randomized block design was conducted with no irrigation during the whole growth period as the control (CK), and 7 treatments were set: irrigation at overwintering stage (Wo), irrigation at jointing stage (Wj), irrigation at booting stage (Wb), irrigation at overwintering and jointing stage (Wo+j), irrigation at overwintering and booting stage (Wo+b), irrigation at jointing and booting stage (Wj+b), and irrigation at overwintering, jointing and booting stage (Wo+j+b). 【Result】Compared with CK, the plant height, the number of green leaves, the area of the second leaf from the top and dry matter weight of winter wheat in heading stage were significantly increased by 28.80%, 18.82%, 34.67% and 45.56% in Wo treatment, and by 26.12%, 6.14%, 43.73% and 46.38% in Wo+b treatment. Delayed irrigation could delay the senescence of flag leaves. Wo+b, Wj+b and Wo+j+b treatments could prolong the photosynthetic function period of flag leaves and maintain higher photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance after anthesis. Overwintering water was beneficial for winter wheat to use deep soil water and improve irrigation use efficiency. With the increase of irrigation water, the water consumption of winter wheat and the proportion of irrigation amount to water consumption increased, the proportion of precipitation to water consumption decreased, the irrigation use efficiency and irrigation benefit decreased, the grain yield of winter wheat increased, and water use efficiency increased first and then decreased. Wo+b treatment could obtain higher yield, water use efficiency, irrigation use efficiency and irrigation benefit concurrently, and make great use of irrigation and precipitation. 【Conclusion】In the irrigated wheat area, irrigation at overwintering and booting stages can meet the water requirement for winter wheat growth, and obtain higher yield and water use efficiency concurrently in Jinzhong. |
| Key words: irrigation period; winter wheat; agronomic trait; photosynthetic characteristics; water consumption; water use efficiency |
