| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对比分析天山北坡不同下垫面融雪期积雪特性（积雪深度、积雪密度、液态含水率、雪层温度）及其影响因素。【方法】通过对融雪期林地、草地、裸地积雪特性、气象因子（气温、太阳辐射、空气相对湿度）和土壤因子（土壤含水率、土壤温度）等数据进行实时监测，利用Pearson相关分析方法对比分析气象因子、土壤因子与3种下垫面积雪特性间的相关性。【结果】融雪期林地、草地、裸地平均积雪深度分别为8.06、18.67、16.34 cm；林地积雪层平均积雪密度、平均液态含水率均大于草地和裸地，分别为0.48 g/cm3、0.66%；林地平均积雪层温度（-0.032 ℃）均小于草地、裸地；融雪期裸地积雪深度与太阳辐射显著负相关，相关系数为-0.960；草地积雪密度与太阳辐射显著正相关；裸地积雪密度、液态含水率、积雪层温度与气温极显著正相关；融雪期林地积雪密度与10 cm处的土壤层温度、土壤层含水率显著正相关；草地积雪深度与40、50、60 cm处的土壤层温度极显著负相关，与20、30 cm处的土壤含水率显著负相关，草地积雪密度与20、30、40、50、60 cm处土壤层温度极显著正相关；裸地积雪深度与10 cm处土壤层温度显著负相关，裸地雪层温度与20、30 cm处的土壤层含水率极显著正相关。【结论】融雪期草地平均积雪深度最大；林地平均积雪层温度最小；林地平均积雪密度、液态含水率均大于草地、裸地；气温、太阳辐射是影响林地、草地、裸地积雪特性的主要气象因子；土壤含水率、土壤温度与林地、草地、裸地积雪深度呈负相关，与积雪密度、液态含水率、雪层温度呈正相关。 |
| 关键词: 积雪特性；气象因子；土壤温度；土壤含水率；天山北坡 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2019056 |
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| Impact of Seasonal Snowmelt on Snowpack at Woodland, Grassland and Bare Land in North Slope of Tian Mountain |
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LI Jimei, ZHANG Yutao, ZHANG Yunyun
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1.Institute of Forest Ecology, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi 830000, China;2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Snowfall on the north face of the Tian mountain in Xinjiang is seasonal and how seasonal snowmelt affects the snowpack has been well documented at watershed scale but not at slope scale. Understanding the change in snowpack in areas under different vegetations is crucial to accurately quantifying snow ablation and provide bassline for predicting surface runoff into rivers.【Objective】The overall objective of this paper is to analyze and compare the changes in snowpack traits, including its depth, density, liquid water content, and temperature, in areas with different vegetations at north slope of the Tian mountain, as well as their determinants.【Method】Snowpack traits, meteorological factors - including temperature, solar radiation, relative air humidity, and edaphic factors - including soil moisture content and temperature, in woodland, grassland and bare land were monitored in real-time during snowmelt season. Pearson correlation analysis method was used to calculate the correlation between the meteorological factors, edaphic factors and snowpack traits in three areas.【Result】The average depth of the snowpack in woodland, grassland and bare land in snowmelt season was 8.06, 18.67, and 16.34 cm, respectively, and the density and liquid water content in the snowpack in the woodland were 0.48 g/cm3 and 0.66%, respectively, higher than those in grassland and bare land. Average snow temperature in the woodland was -0.032 ℃, lower than that in the grassland and bare land. The snowpack depth in the bare land was negatively correlated with solar radiation at significant level with a correlation coefficient of -0.960. The snow density in the grassland was positively correlated with solar radiation at significant level. The density, liquid moisture content and temperature of the snowpack in the bare land were all positively correlated with ambient air temperature at very significant level. Snow density in the woodland was positively correlated with soil temperature and moisture content in the 0~10 cm layer at significant level. The snow depth in the grassland was negatively correlated with soil temperature at depths of 40, 50, and 60 cm at very significant level, and with soil moisture at depths of 20 and 30 cm at significant level. The snow density in grassland was positively correlated with soil temperature at depths of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 cm. Snow depth in the bare land was negatively correlated with soil temperature at depth of 10 cm at significant level, and snow temperature was positively correlated with soil moisture at depths of 20 and 30 cm at significant level.【Conclusion】On average, the snow in the grassland is thickest, and the average snow temperature in the woodland was the lowest; the average density and liquid water content of the snow in the woodland were higher than that in the grassland and the bare land. Ambient air temperature and solar radiation affect the snowpack in all three areas the most. Soil moisture and temperature were negatively correlated with snow depth, while positively correlated with snow density and temperature as well as liquid moisture content. |
| Key words: snow characteristics; meteorological factors; soil temperature; soil moisture content; northern slope of Tianshan |
