| 引用本文: | 郭 彬,莫 彦,吴忠东,等.覆膜与水分控制对宁夏设施滴灌番茄产量与品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(3):48-55. |
| GUO Bin,MO Yan,WU Zhongdong,et al.覆膜与水分控制对宁夏设施滴灌番茄产量与品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(3):48-55. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索宁夏设施滴灌番茄覆膜的效果和适宜的灌溉制度，为宁夏地区设施滴灌番茄节水高产种植提供理论依据。【方法】通过2 a试验，在覆膜（M）与不覆膜（NM）条件下，设定4种水分控制水平，灌水频率为7~10 d，W1、W2和W3处理的灌水上限分别为100%FC（田间持水率）、80%FC和70%FC，以当地灌水量为对照（CK，灌水上限为123%FC），研究了覆膜和水分控制对设施滴灌番茄生长、产量、品质与水分生产效率的影响。【结果】番茄株高和茎粗在苗期―开花坐果期生长迅速，受覆膜处理影响显著（P<0.01），受水分控制影响不显著（P＞0.05）。随着灌水量的增加，番茄产量先增加后降低，W2M处理的产量和水分生产效率均为最大值，分别为89 844.88 kg/hm2和502.5 kg/（hm2·mm），相比覆膜CK分别增加21.4%和63.7%。相比于不覆膜处理，覆膜番茄产量平均增加18.1%，差异达到显著水平（P<0.05），其还原性维生素C和可溶性固形物量分别提高28.9%和22.8%（P<0.05）。覆膜和水分控制均对番茄还原性维生素C量、可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖量的影响达到显著水平（P<0.01），覆膜处理还对可滴定酸量和糖酸比的影响达到显著水平（P<0.05）。【结论】对于宁夏设施滴灌番茄，采用覆膜栽培与80% FC的灌水上限可以获得较高产量和较好品质。 |
| 关键词: 覆膜；滴灌；灌水上限；产量；番茄品质 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020525 |
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| Combined Effects of Film Mulching and Water-controlled Drip Irrigation on Yield and Quality of Facility-cultivated Tomato in Ningxia[ |
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GUO Bin, MO Yan, WU Zhongdong, ZHANG Yanqun, GONG Yiteng,GONG Shihong, WANG Jiandong, LI Qiaoling
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1. School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China;2. Department of irrigation and Drainage, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China;3. CIECC Overseas Consulting Co., Ltd, Beijing 100048, China; 4. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10004, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Tomato is a vegetable grown widely across Ningxia in greenhouses with the soil mulched. Drip irrigation is the main irrigation for greenhouse crops, but excessive irrigation is common resulting in not only water waste but also environmental contamination due to agrochemicals leaching. Increasing water use efficiency and reducing detrimental impact of the mulching film is hence critical to sustaining tomato production in Ningxia.【Objective】The purpose of this study was to find an optimal drip-irrigation scheduling and film mulching in attempts to provide guidance for improving water use efficiency while in the meantime increasing yield of the greenhouse tomato in Ningxia.【Method】A two-year experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse with the soil either not mulched (M) or mulched (NM) with plastic film. Added to these were three irrigation levels by keeping the soil moisture at 100% (W1), 80% (W2) and 70% of the field capacity respectively, with the irrigation used by local farmers (123% of the field capacity) taken as the control (CK).【Result】It was the film much rather than the irrigation amount that affected the growth of plant height and stem diameter from seedling stage to flowering and fruit setting stage at significant level (P<0.01). With an increase in irrigation amount, the tomato yield increased first followed a decline. The yield and water use efficiency of W2M were 89 844.8.8 kg/hm2 and 502.5 kg/(hm2·mm) respectively, up 21.4% and 63.7% respectively from CKM. Compared with not mulching, mulching increased the average yield by 18.1%, reductive vitamin C and soluble solid content by 28.9% and 22.8% respectively, all at significant level (P<0.05). The combined effect of water control and film mulch on reductive vitamin C, soluble solids and total soluble sugar was significant at P<0.01, and the effect of film mulching on titratable acid and sugar acid ratio was significant at P<0.05. Compared with CK, W3 increased the total soluble sugar content and the sugar acid ratio by 4.2%~8.2% and 48.9% respectively, both at significant level (P<0.05), while reducing the titratable acid content by 37%. W2M increased the soluble solid content and the sugar acid ratio most, by 12.3% and 8.5% respectively, compared to CK. Film mulching also affected soluble sugar and soluble acid content at significant level (P<0.05).【Conclusion】Our two-year experiment showed that keeping the soil moisture not exceeding 80% of the field capacity using drip irrigation with the soil mulched was most effective to increase yield and quality of the greenhouse tomato in Ningxia. |
| Key words: film mulching; drip irrigation; tomato; yield and fruit quality; greenhouse |
