| 引用本文: | 靳思佳,齐志明,桂东伟,等.预报式灌溉决策支持系统下棉田土壤氮磷的淋失与利用[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(3):70-78. |
| JIN Sijia,QI Zhiming,GUI Dongwei,et al.预报式灌溉决策支持系统下棉田土壤氮磷的淋失与利用[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(3):70-78. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究预报式灌溉决策支持系统对减少新疆典型绿洲棉田土壤氮磷损失的影响。【方法】采用双因素完全随机试验，设置3种灌溉决策方式（预报式灌溉（DSSIS）、墒情灌溉（SMS）、经验灌溉（E））和2个灌溉量水平（100%（FI）与75%（DI）），研究了不同灌溉决策和灌水量对土壤氮磷分布、棉花生物量、氮磷吸收和产量的影响。【结果】①经验灌溉存在硝态氮淋失问题，预报式灌溉的硝态氮淋失风险大于墒情灌溉，但灌溉决策的改变不会引起速效磷在各土层的差异分布。②与E和SMS处理相比，DSSIS处理显著提高了28.5%和40.0%的棉花地上部全氮量。③DSSIS处理可最大提高33.7%的籽棉产量，80.7%的水分生产力，25.2%的氮肥偏生产力和25.6%的磷肥偏生产力。【结论】预报式灌溉决策具有降低硝态氮淋失风险，促进棉花氮吸收，提高籽棉产量，提高水分生产力和氮磷肥偏生产力的综合优势。 |
| 关键词: 灌溉；硝态氮；速效磷；模型；土壤 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020034 |
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| Using Decision-support Irrigation System to Reduce Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching and Improve Their Uptake by Cotton |
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JIN Sijia, QI Zhiming, GUI Dongwei, LI Xiangyi, ZENG Fanjiang, CHEN Xiaoping
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1.State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2. Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Cele 848300, China; 3. Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada; 4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】A new irrigation support system has been developed based on water stress predicted by the root zone water quality model (RZWQM2) to aid irrigation scheduling; it has been tested since 2016 for cotton fields in an oasis in Xinjiang.【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficacy of the system for predicting leaching and root uptake of nitrate and phosphorus (Olsen-P) against an experiment conducted in 2019 at a cotton field, in efforts to further test if the system can reduce nutrients leaching and improve their uptake by crop compared to traditional irrigation and fertigation methods.【Method】The experiment consisted of three decision-aid irrigation methods: irrigation based on the new system (DSSIS), irrigation based on soil moisture dynamics (SMS) and traditional irrigation method used by local farmers (E), and two irrigation levels: keeping soil moisture at 100% (FI) and 75% (DI) of the field capacity (DI) respectively. All treatments were organized in two-factor randomized blocks in the field. In each treatment, we measured NO3﹣-N and Olsen-P in the soil, cotton biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus in the cotton, as well as the cotton yield.【Result】① Traditional irrigation was more likely to result in NO3﹣-N leaching, and the risk of NO3﹣-N leaching in DSSSIS was higher than that in SMS. However, changing irrigation methods did not lead to a noticeable difference in Olsen-P distribution in the soil. ② Compared with E and SMS, DSSIS increased nitrogen content in the above-ground part of the cotton by 28.5% and 40.0% respectively. ③ DSSIS increased the yield of cotton seed by 33.7%, water productivity by 80.7%, partial productivity of nitrogen and phosphorus by 25.2% and 25.6% respectively.【Conclusion】DSSIS not only reduced the risk of NO3﹣-N leaching and promoted root nitrogen uptake, it also improved seed yield, water productivity and partial productivity of both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. |
| Key words: irrigation; NO3﹣N; Olsen-P; model; soil |
