| 引用本文: | 滑小赞,程 滨,赵瑞芬,等.太原市农田土壤重金属污染评价与空间分布特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(3):101-109. |
| HUA Xiaozan,CHENG Bin,ZHAO Ruifen,et al.太原市农田土壤重金属污染评价与空间分布特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(3):101-109. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示太原市农田土壤重金属污染现状、污染来源及其空间分布格局情况，为区域土壤污染防控和农业生产提供依据。【方法】采集太原市农田土样214个，测定土壤中Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg和As 5种重金属量，采用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合指数法对土壤重金属进行污染评价，运用ArcGIS 10.3绘制太原市农田土壤重金属空间分布图，利用SPSS 16.0对数据进行相关分析，进一步了解土壤重金属的污染来源。【结果】①太原市农田土壤中重金属量分布差别较大，Cr、Cd、As、Hg和Pb均值分别为68.38、0.121、8.59、0.08、24.23 mg/kg，均未超过《绿色食品 产地环境质量》（NY/T 391—2013）中的规定，但其平均值均显著高于太原市土壤背景值。②单项污染指数值由大到小顺序为Hg（2.36）＞Pb（1.76）＞Cd（1.57）＞Cr（1.19）＞As（1.12）。其中，Hg、Pb和Cd主要受工业生产、污水灌溉、燃煤、农药化肥施用和交通运输等人为因素的影响，As和Cr主要受成土母质和农业活动的影响。③太原市农田土壤内梅罗综合指数为2.14，呈中度污染。7个县区农田土壤内梅罗综合指数由大到小依次是晋源区（4.17）＞小店区（2.98）＞尖草坪区（2.13）＞清徐县（2.07）＞阳曲县（1.71）＞娄烦县（1.67）＞古交市（1.57）。重金属空间分布图可以直观看出土壤重金属空间分布和污染情况，在工业发达和人口密集的城郊晋源区、小店区、尖草坪区和清徐县，农田土壤为重度污染和中度污染，远离太原市市区的阳曲县、古交市和娄烦县农田土壤为轻度污染。【结论】太原市农田土壤总体呈中度污染，Hg和Pb单项污染指数最高，重金属污染较严重的区域集中在太原市城郊晋源区、小店区、尖草坪区和清徐县，今后工作中应加强对太原市城郊污染较重区域农田土壤重金属重点监测，尤其是Hg和Pb，以确保土壤健康和可持续利用。 |
| 关键词: 太原市；农田土壤；重金属；污染评价；空间分布 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020540 |
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| Pollution Assessment and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Farmland Soils of Taiyuan City |
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HUA Xiaozan, CHENG Bin*, ZHAO Ruifen, HUO Xiaolan, WANG Zhao, WANG Sen
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College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Heavy metal pollution is an important source of soil pollution. At present, the research mainly focuses on the urban area and the sewage irrigation area soil, but the heavy metal pollution and the spatial distribution of the whole farmland soil in Taiyuan have not been reported. The objective of present study was to describe the present situation, pollution sources and spatial distributions of heavy metals in the farmland soil of Taiyuan city. This work will be helpful for pollution control and agricultural production. 【Method】The concentrations of Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg and As in the 214 farmland soils of Taiyuan city were determined. The pollution level of soil heavy metal elements was evaluated using single factor index method and nemerow comprehensive index method. The spatial distribution map of heavy metals was drew using ArcGIS 10.3 and the correlation analysis was done by SPSS 16.0 to reveal the pollution sources of heavy metals in soils. 【Result】①The concentrations distribution of heavy metals in farmland soils was quite different. The average content of Cr, Cd, As, Hg and Pb in soil was 68.38, 0.121, 8.59, 0.08 and 24.23 mg/kg, respectively. These contents were significantly higher than the corresponding background values of soil in Taiyuan, although they did not exceed the environmental quality standard of the green food producing area. ②The Single Pollution Index was shown as Hg(2.36)>Pb(1.76)>Cd(1.57)>Cr(1.19)>As(1.12). The contaminations of Hg, Pb and Cd mainly originated from industrial production, sewage irrigation, coal burning, application of pesticide and chemical fertilizer and transportation. On the other hand, the pollution of As and Cr were mainly associated with soil parent material and agricultural activities. ③The Nemerow index of Taiyuan farmland soil was 2.14, indicating the moderate pollution. The Nemerow index of farmland soil was 4.17 in Jinyuan district, 2.98 in Xiaodian district, 2.13 in Jiancaoping district, 2.07 in Qingxu county, 1.71 in Yangqu county, 1.67 in Loufan county and 1.57 in Gujiao county. The spatial distribution map of heavy metals and pollution status could be visualized, showing moderately and severely polluted in the suburb soils of Taiyuan city(especially in Jinyuan and Xiaodian districts), and slightly polluted in the countries far from Taiyuan city. 【Conclution】 We conclude that the farmland soils of Taiyuan city were moderately polluted, and Hg and Pb were the main contaminants. The more serious heavy metal pollution was located in the suburbs of Taiyuan city (i.e., Jinyuan, Xiaodian, Jiancaoping and Qingxu). We recommend that it is necessary to strengthen monitoring Hg and Pb in soils in these heavily polluted areas to ensure the soil health and agriculture sustainability. |
| Key words: Taiyuan; arable land soil; heavy metals; pollution envaluation; spatial distribution |
