| 引用本文: | 雷 媛,刘战东,张伟强,等.不同灌溉控制指标对冬小麦生长及耗水特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(4):8-15. |
| LEI Yuan,LIU Zhandong,ZHANG Weiqiang,et al.不同灌溉控制指标对冬小麦生长及耗水特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(4):8-15. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究冬小麦适宜的计划湿润层深度和土壤含水率控制下限的组合模式，为冬小麦田间用水管理及自动灌溉控制决策提供理论依据。【方法】以冬小麦为研究对象，采用大田试验，设置3个土壤含水率控制下限（L：40%，M：50%，H：60%）和3个计划湿润层深度（60、80、100 cm），共9个处理（T60L、T60M、T60H、T80L、T80M、T80H、T100L、T100M、T100H），研究了不同计划湿润层深度与土壤含水率控制下限对华北地区冬小麦生长发育和水分利用的影响。【结果】计划湿润层深度及土壤含水率控制下限的不同改变了处理间灌水定额及灌水次数，计划湿润层深度过高或土壤含水率控制下限过低均不利于冬小麦植株的生长发育。随着计划湿润层深度（60~100 cm）和土壤含水率控制下限（40%~60%）的增大，冬小麦花前及花后的干物质累积量呈先增大后减小的趋势。产量随土壤含水率控制下限增高呈增加趋势，当计划湿润层深度为80 cm时，产量相对最高，同时耗水量也越多，而计划湿润层深度为60 cm时耗水量最少。计划湿润层深度越低，土壤含水率控制下限越高，冬小麦水分利用效率则越高。T60H处理的水分利用效率最大，为19.96 kg/（hm2?mm），比最小值T100L大21.0%。【结论】本试验条件下，计划湿润层深度为60 cm，土壤含水率控制下限设置为土壤有效含水率的60%时，冬小麦节水高产效果相对最优。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦；干物质；计划湿润层深度；土壤含水率；产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020565 |
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| The Effects of Criteria Used in Irrigation Control on Growth and Water Consumption of Winter Wheat |
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LEI Yuan, LIU Zhandong, ZHANG Weiqiang, HUANG Chao, DUAN Aiwang, LOU He, LIU Zugui
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1. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Water Requirement and Regulation, Xinxiang 453002, China; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081, China; 3. Henan Institute of Science and Technology for Development, Zhengzhou 450003, China;4. Henan Weisheng Electric Appliance Co. LTD, Xinxiang 450001, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Improving crop yield while in the meantime saving water use in irrigation is the double whammy to alleviate the conflict between dwindling water resources and sustaining agricultural production in northern China. How to improve irrigation water use efficiency by optimizing irrigation control criteria has been intensively studied, but most of them took the low limit of soil water content in a fixed wetting zone as the irrigation criterion, overlooking that root zone elongates as plant grows.【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to address this equation. We investigated how wetting depth and soil moisture in it can be used as a combined criterion to manage winter wheat irrigation, aimed to provide an improved method for agriculture water management and automatic irrigation of winter wheat in northern China.【Method】The experiment was conducted at a winter wheat field by controlling soil water content at 40% (L), 50% (M) and 60% (H) of the field capacity, within the soil layer in the depth of 60 cm, 80 cm and 100 cm respectively. Therefore, there were nine treatments which were randomly arranged in the field. During the experiment, we measured water consumption of the winter wheat and change in its biomass in each treatment.【Result】 Different combinations of wetting depth and critical water content led to a change in both irrigation amount and irrigation frequency. Increasing the wetting depth or reducing the critical soil moisture hindered crop growth and development. When the wetting depth was set between 60 cm and 100 cm and the critical water content was in 40%~60% of the field capacity, dry matter accumulation before and after the flowering stage increased first followed by a decline, as time elapsed. Increasing the critical soil water content led to an increase in yield and water consumption. Water consumption was the highest when the wetting depth was 80 cm, and the least when the wetting depth was 60 cm. The maximum water use efficiency was 19.96 kg/(hm2?mm), achieved when critical soil moisture in soil depth of 60 cm was 60% of the field capacity, which was 21.0% up compared to the least when the critical water content in the 0~100 cm of soil was 40% of the field capacity.【Conclusion】Keeping the soil moisture in 0~60 cm of soil not dropping below 60% of the field capacity is most efficient and optimal for improving irrigation water use efficiency of winter wheat in northern China. |
| Key words: winter wheat; dry matter; planned wetting depth; lower limit of soil water content control; yield |
