| 引用本文: | 刘德利,吴文勇,肖 娟,等.不同灌溉施肥时机对稻田肥料分布和水稻生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(4):29-36. |
| LIU Deli,WU Wenyong,XIAO Juan,et al.不同灌溉施肥时机对稻田肥料分布和水稻生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,(4):29-36. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索水肥耦合灌溉方式下最佳的灌溉施肥时机。【方法】设置4个处理，分别为撒施（CK）、灌水0~2 h内灌液体肥（T1）、灌水2~4 h内灌液体肥（T2）和灌水4~6 h内灌液体肥料（T3），研究了不同施肥时机对稻田肥料分布均匀性、水稻农艺性状、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】在相同施肥量与灌水量条件下，T1处理在肥料分布均匀度、分蘖数、产量、水分利用效率方面均高于其他处理（p<0.05）；施肥后第3天CK田间氨态氮和硝态氮量达到最高，而其他水肥耦合处理均为第1天氨态氮和硝态氮量最高且在肥料分布均匀度方面较CK高5.63%~21.65%；孕穗期后各处理株高比CK增加6.37%~6.53%；在分蘖数和干物质量方面，T1处理较其他处理分别高11.25%~23.17%和5.75%~8.48%；在产量和水分利用效率方面，T1处理较其他处理分别高13.73%~17.46%和14.15%~17.47%。【结论】从肥料分布均匀度与增产节水效益方面考虑，灌水0~2 h是最佳的施肥时机。 |
| 关键词: 稻田；灌溉；施肥；水稻产量 |
| DOI：10.13522/j.cnki.ggps.2020580 |
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| The Timing of Irrigation and Fertilization Affects Fertilizer Distribution and Rice Growth |
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LIU Deli, WU Wenyong, XIAO Juan, NIU Xiaoyu
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1.School of Water Conservancy Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030000, China; 2.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】China is one of major rice-growing countries in the world. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers has led to eutrophication, increase in greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater pollution. Improving fertilizer utilization efficiency and reducing its adverse impact on the environment is hence essential to sustaining rice production. Differing from crops in dryland, paddy field has a water layer on its surface which has a significant impact on efficacy and consequence of irrigation and fertilization. Previous studies on water-nitrogen coupling in paddy field focused on its impact on rice growth while overlooking the impact of timing of irrigation and fertilization.【Objective】The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of fertilizer types, timing of irrigation and fertilization on nitrogen distribution and traits of rice, aimed to improve water and fertilization management of paddy fields and reduce their detrimental impact on environment.【Method】The experiment used liquid fertilizer and sprinkler irrigation. The treatments included: applying the fertilizer in the first two hours after irrigation (T1), applied the fertilizer between 2~4 hours following irrigation (T2), and applied the fertilizer between 4~6 hours after irrigation (T3). Traditional surface-broadcasting was taken as the control (CK). During the experiment, we measured the uniformity of fertilizer distribution, traits, yield and water use efficiency of the rice in each treatment.【Result】When irrigation and fertilization amount were the same, T1 was most effective for making fertilizer distribution uniform, increasing tiller numbers, yield and water utilization efficiency at significant level (P<0.05). In CK, nitrogen content peaked three days after the fertilization, while in other treatments it maximized just one day after the fertilization with the associated fertilizer distribution uniformity increased by 5.63%~21.65% compared to CK. After the booting stage, the treatment increased plant height by 6.37%~6.53%. T1 increased tiller numbers and dray matter by 11.25%~23.17% and 5.75%~8.48%, respectively, compared to CK. T1 also increased the yield and water utilization efficiency by 13.73%~17.46% and 14.15%~17.47%, compared to other treatments and CK.【Conclusion】Considering fertilizer distribution uniformity and increase in yield and water use efficiency, the best fertilization timing is to apply the liquid fertilizer in the first two hours following irrigation. |
| Key words: paddy field; irrigation; fertilization timing; rice yield |
