| 引用本文: | 张帆,朱成立,黄明逸,等.咸淡水交替灌溉下灌水定额对土壤盐分及夏玉米生理生长指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| ZHANG Fan,ZHU Chengli,HUANG Mingyi,et al.咸淡水交替灌溉下灌水定额对土壤盐分及夏玉米生理生长指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 咸淡水交替灌溉下灌水定额对土壤盐分及夏玉米生理生长指标的影响 |
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张帆, 朱成立, 黄明逸, 曹磊齐, 徐雨琳, 周溶慧
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河海大学
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探求适宜的咸淡水交替灌溉方式和灌水定额。【方法】以夏玉米为研究对象，设置了4种咸淡水交替灌溉方式（B0：全生育期灌淡水，对照；B1：六叶至抽雄期灌3 g/L微咸水，其余生育期灌淡水；B2：抽雄至吐丝期灌3 g/L微咸水，其余生育期灌淡水；B3：吐丝至成熟期灌3 g/L微咸水，其余生育期灌淡水）和4种灌水定额（W1：0.6ETc；W2：0.8ETc；W3：1.0ETc；W4：1.2ETc）进行避雨盆栽试验，研究了咸淡水交替灌溉方式和灌水定额对土壤盐分及夏玉米生理生长的协同调控机制。【结果】当灌水定额增至1.2ETc时，咸淡水交替灌溉对土壤盐分有淋洗作用，其中B1处理淋洗效果较好，1.2ETc处理0～40 cm土层平均含盐量比1.0ETc处理降低了9.9%。生育期末最后一次灌水后，B0处理出现脱盐现象，其他处理均出现积盐现象，相较于处理前的0～40 cm土层，B0处理平均含盐量降低25.9%～42.6%，B1、B2和B3处理平均含盐量分别升高34.9%～58.5%、73.7%～110.4%和88.7%～128.7%。灌溉微咸水能降低叶片相对含水率，提高钠钾比（ωNa+/ωK+），削弱光合能力，加剧氧化应激反应，且微咸水灌溉越早影响程度越大，增加灌水定额能降低盐分胁迫对B2和B3处理的影响程度，但加剧了B1处理盐分胁迫危害，B1处理光合受阻严重，净光合速率（Pn）和气孔导度（Gs）较B0处理分别降低了40.5%～69.3%和32.3%～68.0%。越早使用微咸水，根干质量密度和伤流量越小，对根系生长越不利，减产幅度越大，随着灌水定额的增加，B1处理根系生长受阻更严重，产量大幅降低，而B2和B3处理根系生长及产量均有所改善，尤其是B3处理，产量较同等灌溉水平下B0处理仅降低了1.5%~2.0%。【结论】生育前期不宜使用微咸水灌溉，生育后期使用微咸水灌溉时适当增加灌水定额，可在实现夏玉米高产的同时降低土壤盐碱化风险。 |
| 关键词: 夏玉米；微咸水；交替灌溉；灌水定额；盐分；产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900701),江苏省博士后科研资助计划（2021K598C） |
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| Effects of Irrigation Quota on Soil Salinity and Physiological Growth Indexes of Summer Maize under Alternate Irrigation with Brackish and Fresh Water |
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ZHANG Fan, ZHU Chengli, HUANG Mingyi, CAO Leiqi, XU Yulin, ZHOU Ronghui
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Hohai University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The contradiction between the supply and demand of irrigation water for agricultural production in my country is prominent. Brackish water can replace part of fresh water for farmland irrigation, but long-term use will have adverse effects on agricultural production and the environment. Therefore, how to use brackish water efficiently and safely is a problem worthy of our attention.【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to clarify the changes in soil salinity and summer maize yield under different alternative irrigation methods and irrigation quotas, in order to provide a reference for the brackish water-saving irrigation mode of maize.【Method】Taking summer maize as the research object, a rain-proof pot experiment was carried out. Four alternative irrigation methods that irrigate 3 g/L brackish water at different growth stages and fresh water at other growth stages (B0, B1, B2, and B3) and four irrigation quotas (W1: 0.6ETc; W2: 0.8ETc; W3: 1.0ETc; W4: 1.2ETc) were compared. In each treatment, we measured the soil salt content, maize physiological growth indicators and yield.【Result】(1)When the brackish water increases to 1.2ETc, the irrigation quota has a leaching effect on the soil salinity, among which the B1 treatment leaching effect is better, the average salt content of the 0~40 cm soil layer in 1.2ETc treatment is 9.9% lower than that in 1.0ETc treatment. At the end of the growth period, the B0 treatment shows desalinization, the average salt content of the 0~40 cm soil layer decreases by 25.9% to 42.6% from the initial level, and the B1, B2, and B3 treatments shows salt accumulation, and the salt content increases by 34.9%~58.5%, 73.7%~110.4% and 88.7%~128.7% from the initial level,respectively. (2)The earlier the brackish water irrigation time, the more unfavorable the effect on maize leaves. Increasing irrigation quota can reduce the impact of salt stress on treatments B2 and B3, but it aggravates the harm of salt stress in B1 treatment. Photosynthesis is severely hindered in B1 treatment, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) are reduced by 40.5%~69.3% and 32.3%~68.0% respectively compared with B0 treatment.(3)In addition, the earlier the use of brackish water, the lower the root dry mass density and injury flow intensity, the more unfavorable the root growth and the greater the yield reduction. Increasing the irrigation quota can aggravate the root blockage and yield reduction of the B1 treatment, but it can improve the B2 and B3 treatments, especially for treatment B3, the yield is only reduced by 1.5%~2.0% compared with fresh water irrigation under the same irrigation quota.【Conclusion】Brackish water is not suitable for irrigation in the early stage of growth. When using brackish water for irrigation in the later growth period, an appropriate increase in the irrigation quota can reduce the risk of soil salinization while achieving high summer maize yields. |
| Key words: summer maize; brackish water; alternate irrigation;irrigation quota; salinity; yield |
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