| 引用本文: | 张曼玉,李小伟,杨磊,等.不同施磷方式对滴灌棉田土壤磷动态及无机磷组分的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| ZHANG Man-Yu,LI Xiao-Wei,YANG Lei,et al.不同施磷方式对滴灌棉田土壤磷动态及无机磷组分的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 不同施磷方式对滴灌棉田土壤磷动态及无机磷组分的影响 |
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张曼玉1, 李小伟2, 杨磊1, 杨海昌1, 张凤华1, 马文新2, 范吉虎1
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1.石河子大学;2.新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 摘要：【目的】改变土壤磷素状况、土壤无机磷组分，提高磷肥利用效率。【方法】本研究于2019―2020年在新疆昌吉进行两年的田间试验，设置4个处理，分别为DF1：底肥全部基施（追肥以氨基酸水溶肥为主）；DF2: 底肥全部基施(追肥以微生物复合肥为主）；NF1：底肥全部追施（追肥以氨基酸水溶肥为主）；NF2:底肥全部追施(追肥以微生物复合肥为主）。分别在棉花蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期和收获期采集土壤样品，测定了土壤有效磷、微生物量磷、无机磷组分和棉花产量。【结果】与DF1、DF2处理相比，NF1、NF2处理能够显著提高棉花花铃期、吐絮期、收获期0～20 cm土层的有效磷和微生物量磷。对NF1、NF2处理的0～20cm土层进行无机磷组分测定发现，NF1、NF2处理的Ca2-P分别在棉花花铃期均达到最高，Ca10-P、AL-P在棉花花铃期达到最低，Ca8-P在蕾期至吐絮期增加，但在收获期降低。相关分析结果表明，土壤有效磷与Ca2-P显著正相关，与Ca10-P和AL-P显著负相关。底肥全部追施的施肥方式可显著提高土壤中直接磷源的量，降低向缓效磷源的转化量，从而提高了土壤中磷的有效性。相比底肥全部基施的施肥方式，底肥全部追施的施肥方式可使棉花产量平均增加7.5％。【结论】通过减少底肥的施入量，根据作物需肥规律精准定量施入磷肥可增加土壤有效磷，减少土壤磷素向无效磷源的转化，增加作物产量。 |
| 关键词: 施肥方式；有效磷；磷分级；磷积累；滴灌 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S143.2 |
| 基金项目:中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2018M643823XB)；石河子大学青年创新人才计划项目(CXPY201910)；石河子大学科研项目(ZZZC201918A) |
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| Effects of Different Phosphorus Application Methods on Soil Phosphorus Dynamics and Inorganic Phosphorus Components In Drip Irrigation Cotton Field |
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ZHANG Man-Yu1, LI Xiao-Wei2, YANG Lei1, YANG Hai-Chang1, ZHANG Feng-Hua1, MA Wen-Xin2, FAN Ji-Hui1
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1.Shihezi University;2.Xinjiang Huier Agricultural Group Co,Ltd,Changji
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract: 【Background】Xinjiang is located in the arid and semi-arid regions, the soil is calcareous, long-term application of phosphorus fertilizer causes phosphorus enrichment in the soil, phosphorus is easy to combine with calcium and iron ions in the soil, forming insoluble compounds, affecting the phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency and soil phosphorus balance. Since 1997, Xinjiang has promoted drip irrigation technology on a large scale, which saves water and at the same time can deliver fertilizer directly to the vicinity of crop roots through drip application with water, improving the efficiency of fertilizer utilization.【Objective】Due to the poor mobility of phosphorus in soil, the phosphorus fertilizer application method can be optimized to effectively change soil phosphorus status, soil inorganic phosphorus fraction and crop yield, thus improving phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency.【Methods】In this study, a two-year field trial was conducted in 2019―2020 in Changji, Xinjiang. Four treatments were set up, namely DF1: basal application of all base fertilizers (additional fertilizer were mainly amino acid water-soluble fertilizers); DF2: basal application of all base fertilizers (additional fertilizers were mainly microbial compound fertilizers); NF1: additional application of all base fertilizers (additional fertilizers were mainly amino acid water-soluble fertilizers); NF2: additional application of all base fertilizers (additional fertilizers were mainly The fertilizer application method of all base fertilizer and the fertilizer application method of all additional fertilizer were used as controls for each other, and the same amount of fertilizer was applied to each treatment in 2019 and 2020, both of which were converted according to the nutrient requirements of cotton. Soil samples were collected at the bud, boll, spat and harvest stages of cotton, and soil effective phosphorus, microbial phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus fractions and cotton yield were determined.【Results】In this study, we found that NF1 and NF2 treatments significantly increased the effective phosphorus and microbial phosphorus in the 0～20 cm soil layer during the boll, lint and harvest stages of cotton compared with DF1 and DF2 treatments. The inorganic phosphorus fractions in the 0～20 cm soil layer of NF1 and NF2 treatments were determined and found that Ca2-P was highest in both NF1 and NF2 treatments at the boll stage, Ca10-P and AL-P were lowest at the boll stage, and Ca8-P increased from bud to lint stage but decreased at the harvest stage. Correlation analysis showed that soil effective phosphorus was significantly positively correlated with Ca2-P and negatively correlated with Ca10-P and AL-P. Fertilizer application with all base applications significantly increased the amount of direct phosphorus sources in the soil and reduced the conversion to slow-acting phosphorus sources, thus increasing the effectiveness of phosphorus in the soil. Compared with the basal application of all the base fertilizer, the additional application of all the base fertilizer increased cotton yield by 7.5% on average.【Conclusion】In summary, by reducing the amount of base fertilizer applied and applying phosphorus fertilizer accurately and quantitatively according to the crop fertilizer requirement rules can increase the effective soil phosphorus, reduce the conversion of soil phosphorus to ineffective phosphorus sources and increase crop yield. This study provides a theoretical basis for the rational application of phosphorus fertilizer in cotton production in arid zones. |
| Key words: fertilization method; available P; P classification ; phosphorus accumulation ; dripping?irrigation |
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