| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为了明确鲁西北引黄灌区农业水资源的主要供需矛盾及时空分异特征,建立灌区适宜的农业水资源评估体系,系统评估水资源调配工程影响下的农业水资源,【方法】本文基于中国科学院禹城综合试验站大型蒸渗仪监测作物耗水规律,综合灌区水文监测的长系列观测数据分析农业用水、引黄量和地下水之间的响应关系,提出灌区适宜的农业水资源评估方法。【结果】鲁西北地区农业水资源的主要供需矛盾发生在冬小麦生长季,需补充灌溉约350mm,与全年供水量基本持平,冬小麦需水关键期为拔节至灌浆初期,该时期灌溉可提高水分利用效率。灌溉水源主要由引黄量、沟渠蓄水量、地下水开采量构成,灌区上游以引水量和沟渠蓄水量为主,地下水开采量几乎为零；而灌区下游以井灌为主,地下水开采量占90-95%,但除2-5月外的引黄水量则主要用以补给地下水。灌区农业水资源评价应综合考虑现状土壤储水量、引水量、沟渠蓄水量、地下水可供水量等要素来评估农业水资源,并将调蓄能力作为一项评价指标。【结论】鲁西北灌区农业水资源利用应该贯彻引水补源、井渠结合、沟渠蓄水的综合措施,适当增加上游、中游地区的井灌面积以及引水时间,逐步从引水灌溉向引水-补源-灌溉方向发展,利用地下水库容进行季节间的调蓄。 |
| 关键词: 农业水资源;作物耗水;评估体系;地下水调蓄能力;鲁西北灌区 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275 |
| 基金项目:水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金(2016SWG03) |
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| Discussion on characteristics and evaluation methods of agricultural water resources in irrigation district of Northwest Shandong |
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SONG Qiuying1, ZHAO Defang2, LIU Enmin3
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1.Qihe County Water Resources Bureau;2.Water Resources Bureau of Lingcheng District,Dezhou City;3.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The primary objectives of this study were (1) to clarify the main contradiction between the supply and demand of agricultural water resources in the irrigation district of the Yellow River in northwestern Shandong, (2) to establish a suitable agricultural water resources evaluation system for the irrigation area, and (3) to systematically evaluate the agricultural water resources under the influence of the water resource allocation project.【Method】The characteristics of crop water consumption was determined based on the large-scale lysimeters at the Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The long series of hydrological observation data were used to analyze the relationships between agricultural water use, water diversion from Yellow River and groundwater level change. A suitable agricultural water resources evaluation system was proposed in this irrigation area.【Result】The main contradiction between the supply and demand of agricultural water resources in northwestern Shandong occurred during the winter wheat growing season. Supplementary irrigation of approximately 350mm was required, which was generally the same as the annual water supply. The critical period of winter wheat water consumption was from jointing to the early filling stages, when irrigation application could improve water use efficiency. Irrigation water were mainly taken from the water diversion from the Yellow River, water storage in ditches, and groundwater extraction. Irrigation in the upper reaches was mainly supplied by the water diversion and canal storage, while the amount of groundwater extraction is almost zero. Groundwater from wells was the dominant water resource in the downstream of the irrigation area, and groundwater extraction accounted for 90-95%. Nevertheless, the water diversion from the Yellow River was mainly used to replenish groundwater except for February to May. Current soil water storage, water diversion, ditch storage, and groundwater availability should be comprehensively considered to evaluate agricultural water resources in the irrigation area. The regulation and storage capacity of groundwater should be used as an evaluation indicator.【Conclusion】The utilization of agricultural water resources in the irrigation district of Northwest Shandong should comprehensively consider the water diversion and replenishment of groundwater, incorporating use of wells and canals irrigation, and water storage in ditches. An appropriate increase of the well irrigation area and diversion time is recommended in the upstream and middle reaches. The diversion irrigation should be gradually developed to diversion-replenishment-irrigation mode and use groundwater reservoir capacity for seasonal regulation and storage of water resources. |
| Key words: Agricultural water resources; Crop water consumption; Evaluation system; Groundwater regulation and storage capacity; Irrigation district of Northwest Shandong |
