| 引用本文: | 赵黎明,郑殿峰,沈雪峰,等.水稻机插秧株行间缺穴对农艺性状的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| ZHAO Li-ming,ZHENG Dian-feng,SHEN Xue-feng,et al.水稻机插秧株行间缺穴对农艺性状的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 水稻机插秧株行间缺穴对农艺性状的影响 |
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赵黎明, 郑殿峰, 沈雪峰, 冯乃杰, 胡汉桥, 周 行
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广东海洋大学 滨海农业学院
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨机械化插秧条件下水稻常见缺穴类型和数量产生的品种、产量及其构成差异，为推广水稻机械化高效生产提供依据。【方法】试验在大田条件下，以空育131（KY131）和龙粳31（LJ31）为试验材料，通过人为去穴处理，设置植株间（P）和行间（R）2种处理方式，其中植株间处理设置株间独立型（PI）、株间间隔型（PS）和株间混合型（PM）；行间处理设置行间相对型（RR）、行间相互型（RP）、行间混合型（RM），分析不同品种和株行间缺穴对水稻产量的影响。【结果】在每平方米范围内，品种和缺穴类型在有效穗数、结实率、收获指数及籽粒产量上存在显著性差异。与CK相比，缺穴能够打破原有产量构成因素间平衡，降低有效穗数、粒数和籽粒产量，其中株间和行间缺穴处理的有效穗数平均降幅分别为13.45%和15.44%，籽粒产量平均降幅分别为10.50%和12.82%；缺穴还可以改变主茎形态性状的合理配置，并根据品种不同重新协同互补调节籽粒产量变化。不同缺穴数处理下，KY131结实率变幅大于LJ31，每平方米有效穗数、粒数、收获指数及籽粒产量随缺穴数增加而降低，产量降幅随缺穴数量增加而增加；同等缺穴处理下，行间缺穴产量降幅高于株间，KY131产量降幅大于LJ31，降幅分别为13.03%和10.30%，导致产量降幅的主控因素分别是有效穗数和粒数。相关分析表明，缺穴数与籽粒产量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），缺穴对KY131有效穗数和千粒质量的负向作用大于LJ31；每平方米有效穗数、粒数与籽粒产量极显著正相关，品种间有效穗数表现为KY131（0.9547**）>LJ31（0.8904**），粒数表现为LJ31（0.9812**）>KY131（0.9125**），株行间相关系数大小在品种间呈反向变化。【结论】通过人工模拟机插秧株行间缺穴对一定面积范围内水稻多个农艺性状产生负向作用，干扰农艺性状间协同互补，降低籽粒产量，不利于农机农艺的高效融合。 |
| 关键词: 水稻;缺穴;机械插秧;产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S233.2 |
| 基金项目:广东海洋大学科研启动经费资助项目 (060302052010) ；湛江市创新创业团队引育领航计划项目(2020LHJH01)；国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002205) |
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| Effects of Missed Hole-seeding Between Plants and Rows on Rice Agronomic Characters by Mechanical Transplanting |
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ZHAO Li-ming, ZHENG Dian-feng, SHEN Xue-feng, FENG Nai-jie, HU Han-qiao, ZHOU Hang
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College of Binhai Agronomy,Guangdong Ocean University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to explore the difference of rice yield and its composition caused by the type and quantity of rice hole-seeding under the condition of mechanized-transplanting, so as to provide a basis for popularizing mechanized and efficient rice production. 【Method】 In this experiment, Kongyu 131 (KY131) and Longjing 31 (LJ31) were used as experimental materials in the field. Two treatments, inter plant (P) and inter row (R), were set by artificially removing plant. Among them, the treatment of inter-plant was set with independent type (PI), interspecific type (PS) and mixed type (PM); the inter-row treatment was set with inter-row relative type (RR), inter-row reciprocal type (RP) and inter-row mixed type (RM), and the effects of different varieties and missed hole-seeding of inter-plant and row on rice yield were analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that there were significant differences between varieties and missed hole-seeding types in effective panicle number, seed setting rate, harvest index and grain yield per square meter. Compared with CK, the balance among yield components was broken under missed hole-seeding treatment, in which effective panicles number, grains number and grain yield were reduced, in which the average reduction of effective panicles among plants and rows was 13.45% and 15.44% respectively, and the average decrease of grain yield was 10.50% and 12.82% respectively. Missed hole-seeding could also change the rational allocation of morphological characters of main stem and re-adjust the change of grain yield according to different varieties. Under the condition of different hole number, the variation range of seed setting rate of KY131 was greater than that of LJ31, the effective panicles number per square meter, grains number, harvest index and grain yield were decreased with the increase of the holes number, and the falling range of yield increased with the increase of holes number. In the case of missed hole-seeding treatment, the falling range of yield in missed hole-seeding of inter-row treatment was higher than that in inter-plant treatment by 13.03%, and falling range of yield in KY131 was larger than that in LJ31 by 10.30%. The main controlling factors leading to the yield decline were effective panicles number and grains number, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a very significant negative correlation between hole number and grain yield, and the negative effect of hole deficiency on effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight of KY131 was greater than that of LJ31. The number of effective panicles per square meter and grains per square meter were significantly positively correlated with grain yield, in which the correlation coefficients of effective panicles number were KY131 (0.9547**) > LJ31 (0.8904**), the correlation coefficients of grains number were LJ31 (0.9812**) > KY131 (0.9125**), and the correlation coefficient between plants and rows changed in reverse among varieties. 【Conclusion】The comprehensive analysis showed that missed hole-seeding between plants and rows of rice seedlings by artificial simulator had a negative effect on many characters of rice in a certain area, disturbed the coordination and complementarity among characters, reduced grain yield, and was not conducive to the efficient combination of farm machinery with agronomy. |
| Key words: rice; missing hole; mechanized-transplanting; yield |
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